To Kill Amocking Bird_theme Comparison Essays -

To Kill Amocking Bird_theme Comparison As I would like to think subject with the most effect in 'To Kill a Mockingbird is Hypocrisy as appeared in three fundamental episodes . These are the lessons of Ms Gates about the abominations of Adolf Hitler while she despised blacks ; the preacher hover attempting to demonstrate how Christian they are while accepting that to be a sibling of Christ you should be white lastly the fraud of the American court framework in the 30's by saying they represent equity. In Ms Gates' study hall we read about her showing her class that the Jews are being abused against by the Nazi's. As indicated by Ms. Doors this is un Christian and she finds these activities vile. The bad faith of this educating is appeared when she makes reference to the word 'persecution'.This is because of the way that she herself is oppressing the individuals of color of Maycomb by not raising an eyebrow to the slaughtering of a guiltless dark man. This woman demonstrates her visual deficiency to the racial issues of the Deep South ( where she lives ) however feels a great deal of sympathy for the Jews who are being abused and butchered in Germany ( a huge number of miles away ) . The minister hovers in the 1930's working in the south of America show the untrustworthy idea of white residents a few times in each gathering . One in number model that comes into view is Mrs Mariweathers positive remarks about a Christian pioneer in Africa helping the abhorrent savages see the light of Jesus Christ while then again she censures Attacus for helping a blameless Negro . These alleged Christian ladies securely state all around never really man helping African individuals of color ( who were content with their lives in any case ) yet on the off chance that anybody should assist an individual of color anyplace close to them it, at that point becomes 'Nigger adoring' and ought to be censured by all inside the network. It makes a twofold standard by indicating that as long as racial issues don't include them legitimately they can be lenient. The American Courts of the 1930's were likewise hypocritical.Truth and Justice were held as the most fundamental appropriate for Americans. Truth in the Tom Robinson case was never a factor. The white jury realized that Bob Ewell had beaten and assaulted his little girl Mayaella Ewell and that Tom was blameless .But in light of the fact that an individual had more shading color in their skin it was accepted they would be liable beyond a shadow of a doubt ,so truth was never a factor .Justice likewise the pride of the American legitimate framework previously ,and now however by and by in the Tom Robinson preliminary ,regardless of how much proof was introduced for Tom to demonstrate his blamelessness, equity wasn't done on the grounds that Tom had more color in his skin than the legal hearers in this manner he was thought to be blameworthy. As I would like to think individuals from the Maycomb people group are attempting to trick themselves into accepting that they are model residents and great Christians, despite the fact that a modest number among them realize that they are incorrect to aggrieve and loathe because of shading . Lip service and bigotry were as much a piece of Maycomb society as chapel and network soul.

Free Response about the Amistad †History Informal Essay

Free Response about the Amistad †History Informal Essay Free Online Research Papers Free Response about the Amistad History Informal Essay The Amistad Case can be handily observed as a case around 53 Africans taken from their homes, put on the Tecora taken to Cuba, and from that point put on the Amistad where the rebellion started. The Case itself has a kind of purposeful anecdote; one story being a gathering of Africans being held for homicide in the preeminent court, while from the start touching off the wood that lit the fire for individuals to open their eyes to their general surroundings. The hided story is the manner by which the Amistad turned into the bases or the establishment of pretty much anything that occur after the case. Demonstrated through conversations and research the Amistad Case can be identified with a variety of circumstances. The Amistad Case opened the world to the way that Slavery is a lot of alive. Bondage doesn’t fundamentally mean truly oppressed be that as it may, you can be financially subjugated, and intellectually subjugated too. The Amistad Case itself managed such a significant number of unexpected issues in comparison to what was on a superficial level. Alright it discussed bondage, incredible we got that, however in the event that we go further, at that point what. You discover that the Case hit Natural Rights, put â€Å"God† being referred to, assaulted bargains recently made prier to the case, The Constitution of the U.S., Checks and Balances, and Morality. Questions, for example, â€Å"Are Blacks people?†, â€Å"Should Blacks be considered equal?†, â€Å"it’s subjection a vital sin?†, â€Å"Can the President toy with the Justice syst em?†, â€Å"What is correct and wrong?†, â€Å"Were our ancestors right when composing the constitution?†, and so forth. The legitimate and policy driven issues during this case were interwoven together. The way that political race time was directly around the bend during the entire case prompted some â€Å"fooling around† by the president. Martin Van Buren was not really supporting his supposition for this situation. He realized that this case was the one thing each president feared directly before races. Van Buren would not like to be the president in office that would be recognized as the Man in Office when the United States was spilt into North and South. Van Buren needed to put forth sure this defense went his direction. He changed the Judge in the District Court of Connecticut to a more youthful Judge, in would like to control him, this clearly placed Checks and Balances into question. After the new appointed authority (Andrew T. Judson) concluded that the Africans ought to be come back to Africa, not long after, an intrigue was called to the Supreme Court to deal with this case once more. William Holabird was contending that the Africans ought to be come back to Ruiz and Montez; while Baldwin was contending that the Africans were never property in the first place and thusly the Treaty of 1795 (Pinckney’s Treaty) would not have any significant bearing. Lt. Gedney guaranteed rescue on the Amistad under the Pinckney Treaty, expressing he took a chance with his life to spare the boat. Religion was a major viewpoint during the Amistad Case. Numerous abolitionists for disclose were attempting to cause the individuals ethically and through their souls than engaging in the court framework. John C. Calhoun expressed bondage as â€Å"a great sin† and was vital forever. This is prompting practical servitude being upheld onto individuals. Calhoun was making it very evident that this Case would be the flash to the war between the north and south. Abolitionists didn’t truly care of the security of the Africans, their motivation was a lot more noteworthy, they were there for a penance; like Jesus. Abolitionists and Calhoun despite the fact that were on various â€Å"sides† utilized religion as their strategy to reach to individuals. There were some notable individuals that need to get referenced so as to show I know who’s who. Cinque is clearly the â€Å"leader† of the Africans on board the Amistad. Originating from West Africa Cinque’s intention to get back was to be with his family. Roger Sherman Baldwin was the legal advisor in the Amistad’s protection. Baldwin invested the majority of his energy attempting to show that the Africans on board the Amistad were conceived in Africa and not on a slave exchanging felicity. Baldwin’s intentions were unmistakably cash and acknowledgment. Mr. Equity Story was the equity from the Supreme Court that offered the input of the court; while Mr. Equity Baldwin gave the disagreed of the court (which was just himself). James Covey and Charles Pratt were the two interpreters found by the educator at Yale, Josiah W. Gibbs, to assist Baldwin with speaking with the Africans. William Holabird was the U.S. lead prosecutor in Connecticut guaranteein g that the Africans ought to be gone over to the guardianship of the United States. Lt. Gedney was on board the Washington (a U.S. Maritime vessel) asserting rescue on the freight inside the Amistad. John Q. Adams was an abolitionist who helped Baldwin in the Supreme Court to have the Africans returned back to Africa. Martin Van Buren was the President at the hour of the case. Van Buren attempted to meddle with the Judicial Branch to ensure the out happen to the case profited him. The Aftermath of the Amistad is considerably more significant than the case itself. Just in light of the occasions that followed. The Civil War has an immediate connection with the Amistad case; why if this case was never raised a Civil War may have never of occurred in America. Isolation was a type of mental subjugation associated with the Amistad Case, subliminally individuals isolated into their own inner circles or gatherings. The Case may have been tied in with breaking of settlements and doing things illicit, however those aren’t significant. The Amistad case opened the entryways for additional cases to go to preliminary. This case alone didn't end the organization of subjection, yet it sure assistance to arrive. Presently we as a whole should realize that the Africans had the option to return home, however not every one of them left to return to West Africa; just 35 went. Martin Van Buren didn't win the political race he had wanted to win, considerably after the exertio n he put in to control the Judicial System. The Amistad case prompted practical subjugation. Why after the Civil War individuals of a race (other than white) were oppressed to specific employments, low wages, and so on.; conceded this is a speculation. Also Slavery was the genuine thought process in new innovation, why in the event that you own 10 slaves and innovation made it so a specific machine requires 2 slaves. What do you do with the other 8? You get more land for additional captives to utilize those machines. The requirement for additional slaves was an unmistakable truly, seeing just as manor proprietors needed more cash. This drove individuals to being financially oppressed while genuinely subjugating to do as such. This may appear as excessively far of a starch however the Amistad case affected being a youngster. The requirement for somebody to control you, or â€Å"control† you is mental oppression. I surmise about anything can identify with the Amistad case. Well for being my first time doing this I’m not certain how positive or negative it is (whatever that is). I know the association of the paper is a touch of confounding yet it states what it needs to state about the Amistad Case. This is the thing that I think about the Amistad without all the most clear circumstances. Research Papers on Free Response about the Amistad - History Informal EssayThe Fifth HorsemanCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL investigation of IndiaLifes What IfsHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBringing Democracy to Africa

Learn How to Use CSS Essay Writing Samples

Learn How to Use CSS Essay Writing SamplesIt's easy to use free essay writing samples when you don't know what you're looking for. But if you have a specific idea in mind, you'll have an easier time finding the right writer for your project. But where can you find them?When most people think of using free writing samples, they picture them as plain text boxes on websites that look like old-time college or university websites. The truth is, though, they are much more flexible than that. They have different capabilities and they work with a variety of Internet browsers.For example, if you wanted to use a CSS Essay Writing Sample for a website to do a layout for the content, you could edit it and re-use it over again. You might even be able to reuse it on your blog or a small website without requiring any major changes. You wouldn't even need to pay a designer for the job.A good way to get your feet wet is to get a style sheet from a CSS Essay Writing Sample and modify it to use your ow n ideas and create a unique style. By modifying the file and putting your own content and formatting within the style, you'll be able to put it to use and have a new creation that you created in no time at all. The best part is that the HTML and CSS editing capabilities will allow you to make it personal to your personal needs.Once you've come up with a layout for your work, you will want to take it a step further and use the HTML editing capabilities of a CSS Essay Writing Sample. You will want to use the built-in editor, but with the CSS editor to change the actual formatting of the code. You may want to use several styles to help set it off from your normal writing.If you think about it, though, it makes sense to use the CSS editor. It lets you put into play many different possibilities for the appearance of your content, but it also makes the editing process of the style sheets easier to handle, since you don't have to worry about dealing with formatting. It makes the editing pr ocess much easier for you to create a better layout without sacrificing formatting.You can find hundreds of CSS essay writing samples online and to date, they are the fastest way to get started on an essay. Just put in a keyword that you're looking for and find hundreds of samples that will give you the style that you want. A good place to start would be Google, and then you will want to sort by free online samples and look for the top sites. When you find them, make sure to take advantage of the free samples as well.There are some benefits to using a CSS essay writing sample, such as the fact that you don't have to know HTML in order to use them. You will also find that they are easy to use. It gives you the ability to customize and make it as personal as you'd like, so you can produce a great final product.

Wellfare Reform Essay - 1590 Words

In the past twenty years, welfare fraud and abuse has become an overwhelming problem. Large numbers of people are living off the government alone, with no attempt of finding work. Our welfare system is out of date and needs to be slimmed down. Congress needs to eliminate the mindset of Americans that welfare can be used as a free ride through life. No matter how liberal or conservative, all politicians agree that welfare costs could be greatly reduced if abuse and fraud were eliminated. Welfare was first introduced in the 20’s as a program to help people get through the depression. The government created many public works jobs to employ the thousands that lost their jobs. At the time it was a great program but seventy-five years†¦show more content†¦Many have said that the current welfare system encourages dependency. They say that the value of welfare benefits is more attractive to many long-term recipients than are entry level, minimum wage jobs. In several states, welfare programs pay recipients the equivalent of a $25,000 a year job. The value of the full benefits of the average welfare recipient exceeds the poverty level ( McCuen/Rector 29). Welfare benefits are tax-free so the dollar value is greater than that of a comparable worker. The following are some prime examples of the abuse that takes place withi n the welfare system. -In 40 states welfare pays more than an $8.00 an hour job. -In 17 states welfare pays more than a $10.00 an hour job. -Hawaii, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, and Washington D.C. pays recipients the equivalent of $12.00 an hour. That’s more than twice minimum wage.(Tanner 18) -9 states pay more than the average first year salary of a teacher last year. -The largest pay off is in New York City where recipients receive $14.75 an hour. With these figures it’s no wonder why people choose to live off the government. Welfare makes their lives too comfortable. The goal of welfare should be to encourage recipients to leave the welfare roles and enter the workforce. 68.6% of welfare recipients report that they aren’t actively seeking work. Why should they? There are plenty ofShow MoreRelatedTo what extent were the decisions made by Germanys leaders responsible for the outbreak of the First World War?895 Words   |  4 PagesGerman leaders were actually responsible for the outbreak and the statement might be true, because if Hollweg knew that the war would be a certain victory, he would certainly be very pro-war, this due to him carrying about German wellfare which can be seen through certain reforms he passed, such as the 1911 imperial insurence code. Norman ( Source 3) does not fully accept the argument that the German army pushed for war, he instead says that the war was collectivly the fault of Great po wers and increasingRead MoreEssay on The Causes of Poverty - Cultural vs. Structural2610 Words   |  11 Pagesissues such as poverty and race. Widely shared cultural values and narratives can also make good social and economic policies politically unviable. Social policies and programs to benefit the poor such as tax in transit, affirmative action and other reforms which have found success in Europe (Wacquant 2008) are ignored and considered unfeasable due to their cultural framing in the U.S. as â€Å"socialism† or â€Å"reverse racism† among political groups such as conservatives and libertarians. This is evident in

Marketing Analysis A Marketing Perspective - 1632 Words

Introduction Snapchat is an image messaging application software. The application was created by Reggie Brown, Bobby Murphy, and Evan Spiegel. It is viewed as a fun messaging application that allows users to share moments. Fundamentally, users can take a video or photo, add a doodle or caption, and send it to their friend or friends. The recipients can only view the Snaps for a maximum of ten seconds after which they disappear. Users can not only share videos and pictures but also texts and drawings. Snapchat was introduced barely five years ago and has within the short period of time attracted many users, especially, young people (Herring, 2014). This paper intends to analyze Snapshot from a marketing perspective. Snapchat Analysis Trend-Spotting and Trend Analysis Snapchat was introduced in 2012 to capitalize on the high demand for social networking services in the modern world (Johnsen, 2015). Individuals in the contemporary are attracted to social media as it allows them to keep in touch with their friends and families as well as share fun moments. This is one of the main reasons as to why many social networks have been introduced in the market. Snapchat’s founders was interested in ensuring users shared texts, photos, and short videos. Four years later, the application used by approximately 60 million people (Johnsen, 2015). The application has more users than its closest competitors such as Clipchat among others. Its ability to attract and retain users can beShow MoreRelatedContents. Introduction2. Definition Of Marketing2. Marketing1662 Words   |  7 PagesContents Introduction 2 Definition of Marketing 2 Marketing Concept 2 Production Orientation 2 Sales Orientation 3 Market Orientation 3 Marketing Process 3 Market Analysis 4 Selecting Target market 5 Marketing Mix overview 6 Implementation and Control 7 Strategy Control 8 Difference between Business and consumer Markets (B2B vs. B2C) 9 B2B (business-to-business) marketing 9 B2C (business to consumer) marketing 9 Comparison between HM and Zara 11 How Marketing Mix helps in achieving organisationsRead Morebusiness1116 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ BTEC Centre Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College Unit Unit 19: Marketing Planning Class 2011 HND Marketing Assignment A1: Compiling Marketing Audits and Examining Barriers in Marketing Date issued Apr 28, 2014 Date deadline Apr 19, 2014 Tutor BAO Yinglei IV QIU Ling Declaration: I am aware that cheating and plagiarism will not be tolerated in any assignment and that this work complies with the requirements. Student’s Signatureï ¼Å¡ (In Pinyin) Read MoreIntroduction. Coca-Cola Is One Of The Company That Gets1482 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Coca-Cola is one of the company that gets nearly 60 percent of their sales from outside of the United States; this is a perfect example of international Marketing. The term ‘international marketing’ is not only based on marketing, but rather more building, and executing a solid marketing plan and actively looking for opportunities to expand a given business by moving to new geographic markets, finding new offerings, and products and services that would fit within your company. No doubtRead MoreInternational Marketing. Submitted By: Zeinab Amin. Submitted1484 Words   |  6 Pages International Marketing Submitted by: Zeinab Amin Submitted by: Melanie Simmons International Business Northern Alberta Institute of Technology March 12, 2017 â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 4 MARKETING PLAN 5 FACTORS EFFECTING INTERNATIONAL MARKETING 6 PEST ANALYSIS 6 POLITICAL 6 ECONOMIC 7 SOCIAL 8 TECHNOLOGICAL 8 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGIES 8 EXPORTING 9 LICENSING AND FRANCHISING 9 JOINT VENTURE 10 DIRECT INVESTMENTS 10 CONCLUSION 10 REFERENCES 12 â€Æ' INTRODUCTIONRead MoreA New Framework For Marketing Performance1018 Words   |  5 Pagesframework for marketing performance is to simply apply the methodology and compare the way the results correlate with organizational and operational performance outcomes. Innovations. Katsikeas et al. (2016) explain that one day marketing could possibly â€Å"become irrelevant as both an academic discipline and a functional area within firms if it is viewed as being ‘soft’ and unable to demonstrate linkages with valuable performance outcomes† (p. 12). It is imperative for the existence of marketing that anRead MoreData Analysis And Interpretation Of The Marketing Strategies Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesChapter - 4 DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION This chapter gives the analysis and interpretation of the data collected for the study. Opinions of both customers as well as the employees and insurance agents of the fiveinsurance companies are taken for the study. This chapter brings out the criteria for selection of sample respondents and framework of statistical analysis of the marketing strategies in the selected firms in nine sections as follows: PART I-customer perspective In this section dataRead MoreDifference Between Sensory And Marketing Research1198 Words   |  5 PagesDifference between Sensory Evaluation and Marketing Research Sensory evaluation plays a crucial role in controlling the quality of food products. More and more rules and principles of sensory evaluation are applied to the domain of product (food) development and this is bringing the concepts of marketing closer to the sensory evaluation. Differences in the basic motivations of both the concepts generate tension when firms try to unite or create cooperation between them. Many corporations try to fosterRead MoreCurrent Business Research Project Paper Synopsis776 Words   |  4 Pagesentitled, International Reality of Internet Use as Marketing Tool. Business Research Definition The business research definition analyzes how the internet affects companies infrastructures. The article describes how and why the internet raised the bar for companies, who strategically desire to achieve and exceed competitive advantage. Business Research Purpose The research analyzed the importance of the internet as a marketing tool in the U.S., Europe and Asia to determine (1)Read MoreSituation Analysis in Marketing Plan Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesyou can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat’. Hence, the company must make marketing plan systematically, in terms of its objectives and missions, if it pursues maintaining a high level of operating efficiency, and achieving above-average returns. The role of situation analysis Situation analysis is an essential first step in the process of marketing plan. Jain (2004) states situation analysis is an important way in terms of forecasting the shape of things, analyzing strategic alternativesRead MoreAwl (Ge/Mckinsey Approach)1068 Words   |  5 Pagesfiscal year consists of three SBUs, namely three new marketing textbooks, including Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy, Analysis for Strategic Marketing and Marketing Engineering. We can also see these three textbooks in the GE Portfolio Matrix as shown in Graph 1 and Graph 2. AWL should have clear understanding of these three new textbooks in order to prioritize the promotional resources for them. For example, the book named Marketing Engineering is a bit different from the other two, since

Essay on Inelligible Principle - 678 Words

The enactment of the Emergency Bubblegum Price Control Act represents a delegation of bubblegum price-setting power to the Price Administrator. Under the U.S. Constitution, Article I, the legislative powers of the federal government are vested in the U.S. Congress, however, the courts have recognized the congressional authority to obtain assistance from other branches of the government, providing that the legislature lay down by legislative act an intelligible principle to which the person or body authorized to fix such rates is directed to conform. Whitman v. Am. Trucking AssNs, 531 U.S. 457 (U.S. 2001), Loving v. United States, 517 U.S. 748 (U.S. 1996), citing Chief Justice Taft in J. W. Hampton, Jr., Co. v. United States, 276 U.S.†¦show more content†¦Which will effectuate the purposes of the Act has circular logic as the price setting is both the means and the purpose in itself. The only meaningful instruction is in his [the Price Administrators] judgment, which effecti vely gives the Administrator a free hand in setting the price maximums. The second prong of the test is easily met as the Act specifies which entity is authorized under this delegation, in this case the Price Administrator. However, there is insufficient information in the case at hand to determine whether the Price Administrator is an existing entity or a newly created agency, and if it is newly created, whether the Act specifies appointment of the officers and the supervision structure. The third prong is the boundaries of the delegated authority. In Mistretta, the Sentencing Commission was instructed to stay within the boundaries of the statutory maxima prescribed by existing statutes and by using a formula delineated in the enabling statute. Some prohibitions were also noted in the statute which further defined the boundaries of the Commissions authority. Again, in comparison, the Emergency Bubblegum Price Control Act has no such provisions. The Price Administrator is authorized to set the prices at whichever level he sees fit and at whatever time, in his judgment, the prices rise or threaten to rise to a level inconsistent with the purposes of the Act,

Corporate Governance Australian Securities Exchange

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance for Australian Securities Exchange. Answer: Introduction The present report aims to demonstrate the case study analysis of James Hardie, involved in unethical business practices related to asbestos production. James Hardie became an iconic company in Australia for mining, importing and manufacturing asbestos-based products. However, the business practices of the company was thoroughly investigated by Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) who commenced civil penalty proceedings against James Hardie due to breaching the Corporations Act based on large number of allegations against it (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). In this context, the report has analysed the actions of James Hardie against the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) principles. Stakeholders of James Hardie and their Corporate Governance Responsibilities James Hardies Stakeholder groups Allocated Corporate Governance Responsibilities Shareholders Shareholders of the company are the group of people who have financial investment in the company (Slide 8, How do we recognise these stakeholders and interests in company law?). The board of directors and senior management of James Hardie hold the corporate social responsibility towards its shareholders of maximizing their resources by implementing and adopting ethical and responsible corporate governance practices that ensures maximum wealth generation for each of its shareholder. Thus, senior management and board of directors of the company have the obligation of maximizing social and financial performance for ensuring long-tern economic prosperity (Module 1, Topic 2). Employees James Hardie holds the corporate governance responsibility towards its employees of implementing and complying all the legislation and regulations in its workplace ensuring employees protection such as whistle-blower protection, employee participation and occupation health and safety obligations. The company is mainly involved in the production of asbestos-based products that have adverse health impacts on the employees. As such, senior management and board of directors of the company are entitled to implement such business practices and procures that ensures employees protection in the first place (Module 1, Topic 2). Consumers The consumers of James Hardie are mainly the contractors who acquire asbestos related products from the company that acts as an alternative to bricks (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). As such, the corporate governance responsibility of the senior management and board of directors towards consumers includes providing them proper knowledge about the social, environmental and ethical aspects of the corporate behaviour in manufacturing the specific product. It is their responsibility to abide with the legal laws related to consumers welfare such as Trades Practices Act and Competition and Consumer Customer Act. They should integrate best practices of corporate governance for maximizing consumers welfare (Module 1, Topic 2). NSW State Government The government is regarded as one of the largest consumer of James Hardie as it provides funds to the business for carrying out its business activity. The governmental policies regulate its long-term growth and profitability. As such, the board of directors and senior management holds the corporate governance responsibility towards the government includes obeying the legal laws and rules of the government for ensuring its sustainability. The manufacturing activities of the company include developing asbestos products that can have degrading impact on the quality of environment and thus the company has to comply with all the environmental laws and regulations implemented by the NSW state government (Module 1, Topic 2). Community The senior management of James Hardie holds the responsibility of adopting such business practices and procedures that maximises the welfare of the community or society in which it conducts its business. It should implement and adopt proper code of conduct and ethics in the workplace that ensures protection of community from any of the adverse impact of the business operations (Module 1, Topic 2). Key Corporate Governance Issues in the James Hardie Case, by referring to the Asx Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations ASX Principle Key corporate governance issue corresponding to that ASX Principle Organisations should fairly recognise the respective roles and responsibilities of board and the management (Module 1, Topic 1). The key corporate governance issue in James Hardie in response to this ASX principle is continuation of unethical practices in its workplace despite having prior knowledge regarding the negative health impacts of manufacturing asbestos-based products to the employees. It is the responsibility of the board of the company to discontinue the manufacture of asbestos product after receiving health warnings and potential impact of liabilities imposed by the government after the occurrence of issues related to worker safety in the workplace (Module 2, Topic 1). The board of an organisation should be structured properly with uniform composition for carrying out its duties and responsibilities (Module 1, Topic 1). The company has strived to mislead the situation by establishment of MRCF in order to compensate sufferers of asbestos related claims. However, after re-structuring of the board for establishing its offshore unit James Hardie Industries NV it was unable to meet the liability claims due to underfunding of MRCF (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Organisations should implement and adopt responsible and ethical decision-making practices (Module 1, Topic 1). The directors decisions of James Hardie to re-structure the organisation have led to the occurrence of chaotic situation in the company. The company has decided to establish its off-shore unit and as a result restructured its business model. However, the off-shore unit of the company was discovered as breaching the law by not incorporating the use of reliable actuarial estimates. Thus, it was found to be intentionally avoiding its moral obligations towards the society (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). The restricting of the company was found to breach the Corporations Act 2001 (Slide 9, Corporations Act 2001). Organisations should adopt proper structure for safeguarding the integrity in their financial reporting (Module 1, Topic 1). The company after restructuring was found to be guilty of misleading the public statements. The allegation made against the James Hardie under the Corporations Act is failure of care and diligence by not disclosing its financial information to ASX (Module 3, Topic 1). The company also does not undertake external audits for ensuring the factual presentation of its financial position to the public in a fair manner. Organisations should timely disclose all the relevant material matters (Module 1, Topic 1). James Hardie was alleged of breaching the Corporations Act by not ensuring its compliance with ASX listing rule requirement after res-structuring. The company acts in accordance with the ASX listing rules prior to establishment of its off-shore unit (Slide 17, ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations). However, after the company went restructuring since establishing its offshore unit it was found to be guilty of non-disclosing its materialistic information. Organisations should promote and respect the rights of shareholders (Module 1, Topic 1). The company was alleged of breaching the Corporation Act through misrepresentation of information to the shareholders in its executive presentations. The company mislead the information by presenting the adequacy of the MRCF in meeting its obligations in relation to asbestos liabilities at its meeting with institutional investors (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Organisations should develop an effective internal system for managing and mitigating the risks in advance (Module 1, Topic 1). The company has not implemented a risk-management system after its restructuring after gaining sufficient information of its health hazards to the employees (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Organisations should adopt responsible practices for providing fair remuneration to the investors (Module 1, Topic 1). The company was non-consistent in publishing its financial information on ASX and thus has not inculcated transparency in its business operations for the investors (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Actions to be undertaken by James Hardie in order to comply with the ASX guidelines ASX Principle Actions company should have taken to comply with the ASX guideline Organisations should fairly recognise the respective roles and responsibilities of board and the management (Module 1, Topic 1). James Hardie should identify the key roles of responsibilities of board and management after its re-structuring in order to comply with ASX principle. The necessary action that can be taken by the company in this regard is to stop the manufacturing of asbestos products for ensuring the protection of its employees. Also, it should ensure proper funding of MRCF for meeting the liability claims of asbestos. The directors rules and responsibilities should be continually monitored by the ASIC (Module 2, Topic 2). Proper structuring and uniformity of board in an organisation for carrying out effectively its duties and responsibilities (Slide 14. King Report (2002) v King Report (2009). The company should re-elect its board of directors for effective discharge of duties in the current circumstances. The board of directors selected should be competent enough to deal appropriately with the current issues and enhance the company value. The company can hire external experts who possess the relevant skills of developing effective business practices for meeting its current challenges (Module 2, Topic 2). Organisations should implement and adopt responsible and ethical decision-making practices (Module 1, Topic 1). James Hardie needs to implement and develop its Code of Conduct that provides guidelines to the company for acting in an ethical way by ensuring protection of all its stakeholders. The company after restructuring was believed to intentionally adopt morally wrong and unethical practices with the main motive of profit maximisation. Development of proper Code of Conduct would ensure the company to monitor and review continually its workplace practices and identify the unethical practices (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Organisations should adopt proper structure for safeguarding the integrity in their financial reporting (Module 1, Topic 1). The company should develop and publish its annual report for representing its financial position to all its stakeholders (Module 2, Topic 2). This would maintain transparency in its business operations and maintains integrity in its financial reporting. Organisations should timely disclose all the relevant material matters (Module 1, Topic 1). The company need to comply with ASX listing rules and provide all the materialistic information to the ASX. This would enable James Hardie to enhance its brand reputation by gaining the trust of the government (Slide 9, Corporations Act 2001). Organisations should promote and respect the rights of shareholders (Module 1, Topic 1). The company should develop an external reporting system for disclosing all the information related to its operational activities to the shareholders for protecting their rights. They should publish and broadcast their financial and social performance for achieving the trust of the shareholders. Organisations should develop an effective internal system for managing and mitigating the risks in advance (Module 1, Topic 1). The company need to develop and implement a risk-management system internally so that the directors can easily recognise the risks in advance and take preventive action towards them (Module 2, Topic 2). This would help the company to restrain the occurrence of any emergency condition such as that occurred in asbestos related claims in its workplace by employees mainly due to absence of risk control system. Organisations should adopt responsible practices for providing fair remuneration to the investors (Module 1, Topic 1). The company need to develop and implement adequate compensation policy that incorporates the guidelines related to remuneration offered to its investors and all its employees. This would prove to be beneficial in achieving the employees satisfaction and maintaining the trust of its institutional investors (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract).. Impact of James Hardie directors decision to continue to manufacture the asbestos based product on the long term interests of stakeholder groups from mid-1960s until 1987 Stakeholder Group of James Hardie How long term interests of stakeholder groups were affected or exacerbated Shareholders Directors decision to continue the production of asbestos-based products alleged breach the corporate acts and rules followed by Australian corporations. The identification of unethical practice negatively impacted its brand image resulting in decline of its profitability with ultimately reduction in revenue generation for shareholders (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Employees The continuation of manufacturing of asbestos-related products resulted in large scale increase in workers compensation cases from mid-1960s until 1987 in the company relating to health hazards suffered by the employees (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Consumers The consumers of the company were mainly contractors who purchase asbestos products for replacement of bricks. However, the prevalence of unethical manufacturing practices in the company resulted in their lower productivity and causing huge losses for the contractors (Module 1, Topic 2). NSW Government The company by not complying with essential governmental laws and regulations have resulted in lower revenue generation for the government Module 1, Topic 2). Community The continuation of manufacturing of asbestos products negatively impacted the health of its employees and thus affecting the welfare of their families as well. The dust produced from asbestos production degraded the quality of environment Module 1, Topic 2) Ethical Analysis of the Decision Made by the Board of Director in mid-1960s The directors of James Hardie continued the production of asbestos after knowing its medical implications from late 1930S to mid-1960s. The health hazard caused by asbestos was highlighted in late 1930s and the company has a clear knowledge regarding it due their own employees claims in the 60s but they made a commercial decision to continue with its production. The decision made by the directors was illegal and is regarded as unethical decision-making practice adopted by the company at that time as it meant to jeopardize the lives of its employees. The examination of the decision made by the directors in mid-1960s can be done through its proper evaluation and examination by implementing theories of ethical behaviour (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). The theory of ethical behaviour provides a framework for the organizations to adopt and implement good governance practices. These theories help in establishing an ethical framework in an organisa tion incorporating all the economic, social and environmental operational activities (Module 1, Topic 2). The development of an ethical framework facilitates the moral development by providing clear knowledge to an individual regarding what is right and what is wrong. Business ethics refers to rules and regulations such as Code of Conduct implemented by the organisations while more ethics refers to an individual personal beliefs regarding right and wrong. The ethical theories such as teleological and deontological include all the stages of moral development of an individual. Teleological ethical theory emphasizes on moral obligation of an individual to achieve what is good or desirable as an ultimate end. On the other hand, deontological theory emphasises on the adherence to specific rules and obligations for enhancing the moral development of an individual. In the light of above two theories, it can said that the decision made by the company in mid-1960s was unethical as directors does not abide by the organisational Code of Conduct and also their actions are not directed towards achieving an morally right outcome. The main motive of the company was only profit maximisation and thus is ethically and morally wrong (Module 1, Topic 2). Impact of Actions of Various Stakeholders on James Hardie's ability to achieve Corporate Sustainability Specific Stakeholder Group How did actions threaten James Hardies corporate sustainability Board of Directors The board of directors of James Hardie action of continuing the production of asbestos related products at its workplace lead to the occurrence of large negative impact on the health of its employees. The lack of sustainable business practices by the board of directors negatively impacted its corporate sustainability. The absence of a proper Code of Conduct to be followed by both the employers and employees also potentially threatens the corporate sustainability of the company. This will eventually lead to decline in the employees performance and profitability threatening its sustainability (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). NSW Government The medical implication of asbestos production on an individual health was recognised in 1930s only. However, James Hardie continued its production successfully and this indicates that government has also supported the business operations of the company. This has led to the rise in the compensation claims of employees negatively impacting its future sustainability and growth (James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract). Conclusion Thus, it can be stated after the discussion held in the overall report that implementation and adoption of effective corporate governance practices are essential for an organisation to ensure its corporate sustainability. The organisation should develop and establish a proper Code of Conduct for ethics so that its business practices and procedures are in accordance with the legal laws and regulations. The case of James Hardie has very well illustrated the consequence of adopting unethical and illegal business practices for maximising the revenue generation. References Module 1: The concepts, essential principles and stockholders of corporate governance, ethical and moral obligations and social responsibility. Topic 1: The concept of corporate governance and the essential principles of corporate governance. Module 2: Corporate governance in Australia impact on board and committee functions and struc tures and company officers training, induction and behaviour to protect the interests of diverse stakeholders in the corporation. Topic 2 week 4: Directors duties and liability and enforcement of directors duties Module 2: Corporate governance in Australia impact on board and committee functions and struc tures and company officers training, induction and behaviour to protect the interests of diverse stakeholders in the corporation. Topic 1: Board functions and structures and types of company directors and officers Module 1: The concepts, essential principles and stockholders of corporate governance, ethical and moral obligations and social responsibility. Topic 2: Stakeholders in corporate governance and corporate social responsibility and ethics theory. Module 3: Principles of good corporate governance and corporate disclosure requirements and corporate governance disclosure in practice. Topic 1 week 5: Regulation of corporate governance and the role of the regulators: ASIC and ASX in the process. Slide 8. How do we recognise these stakeholders and interests in company law? Slide 14. King Report (2002) v King Report (2009). Slide 17. ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations (2014 version). Slide 9. Corporations Act 2001. Slide 13. Towards an effective corporate governance framework in Australia analysis and reform proposal 2: Division of responsibilities between ASX and ASIC. James Hardie: Restructuring, removing and reviewing the social contract.