Should Teen Be Required to Take Child Development Classes...

Should teens be required to take child development classes and parenting classes while in high school? Of course they should be required to take child development and parenting classes! They should be required to take these classes to learn the ins and outs of being a parent. This will lower the amount of single parents, create more effective parents, and make sure they are prepared. Do you know what percentages of children are born into single parent homes? 28% of children and most of these poor children come in to the world with a higher chance than other children to also become single parents themselves, and sadly they are usually born into poverty. These high students need to realize the effects a child will have on their lives. These children rarely get to finish college and end up with low income jobs. For these women usually raising these children on their own on an average salary, it’s almost impossible to take care, of the child basic needs, school, and transportati on. The United States has the 2nd highest amount of teens practicing sexual intercourse before the age of 18, not to mention 22% of them get pregnant because of unprotected sex. Even worse most teen age fathers aren’t taking care of their kids anymore. In 1989 5.7 million women were supposed to receive child support from their so called â€Å"ex man or baby daddy†, because people who don’t take care of their children are not men just pure boys, only 25% received full payment, while 25% got null/ zero.Show MoreRelatedEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1519 Words   |  7 Pages Many children in the US have to endure child abuse. Most people do not understand the consequences the abused children have to live with for the rest of their lives. Because child abuse is a long-term problem, it impacts not only the child and family, but also the society as a whole. Children who are abused usually end up with self-esteem problems and lose their self-confidence. Therefore, they end up getting addicted to drugs or alcohol, which can create problems for their whole communityRead MoreEffects Of School Achievement On Children1306 Words   |  6 Pages School achievement outcomes are also life impacting. Often the only way out of poverty is an education that can provide them with a job which can meet their income needs. If a child’s school achievement is affected by poverty, they have a higher chance of dropping out and continuing poverty in their generation. Effects of school achievement are measured by if the child has repeated a grade, suspended or expelled, and/or dropped out before graduating. 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Introduction Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physical, mentalRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14200 Words   |  57 PagesDefinition of Adolescent development: The development of children ages 12 through 19 years old is expected to include predictable physical and mental milestones. Introduction Derived from the Latin verb adolescere (to grow into maturity), adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Adolescent is a distinct and dynamic phase of development in the life of an individual. It is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and is characterized by spurts of physicalRead MoreCriminal Justics and Theories2471 Words   |  10 PagesWhile in my class I learned a variety of things but the most important topics that stood out to me were the cases. As a class we went over several criminal cases but it were only a few I preferred. One of those cases were Berkemer v. Mccarty. The case originally came out of the U.S District Court for Southern District of Ohio, but later was brought to the Supreme Court. The crime that was charged was operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol and drugs. An Ohio State Trooper by name of Williams

Analysis Of The Great Gatsby And Morrison s The Bluest...

Arian Memari Ms. Duong AP English Lang 16 August 2015 Solitude Is Fate’s Determiner He who is free does not consent to the â€Å"norms† of society—but however takes the path that illustrates the significance of the individual. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Self-Reliance exhibits that the pathway to individualism, creativity, and righteousness is â€Å"to believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Emerson 1) Freedom is the water in the desert—only available to those who know how to find it—the Emersonian genius, present in Ayn Rand’s Anthem, is by far more prone to salvation than that of the coexisting counterpart who will reach an inevitable self-damnation, found in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. Those who focus not on the method of acceptance into society but rather upon the idealism of the importance of solitude are capable of invention—â€Å"for only the individual can produce new ideas† (Isaacson 33). Prometheus, from Ayn Rand’s Anthem, is a prime example of an individual who seeks personal gratification and achievement over societal equality. Prometheus is originally very frustrated with his â€Å"abnormalities† in that he is aware of his differentiation and uniqueness from his â€Å"brothers† within society and tries to transforms into conformity—until he finally had a taste of solitude which marked the instance for his acceptance of being that of the â€Å"other.† Prometheus’s world focuses upon the forced

Gender discrimination free essay sample

â€Å"You know, my mom always encouraged me and never made my gender an issue, I guess. She brought me up to believe in equality, as opposed to feminism or sexism so it just meant that my gender was not relevant to what I was capable of achieving. † (Faith); despite laws worldwide stating that there must be equality between females and males, sexism remains one of the most issues we face as a global society. Is sexual discrimination a hindrance which holds back our development as an advanced society and as humans? Awkwardly it is. Women are still being discriminated and maltreated at workplace and politics, and they are underestimated for their capabilities and achievements, where men tend to earn better opportunities and positions, although some may lack the qualifications that women possess. Occupational sexism is one type of discrimination being enforced on women. According to the statistics, â€Å"in 2012, female full-time workers made only 77 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender wage gap of 23 percent. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender discrimination or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Hegewisch, pars. 1). This clearly depicts the underestimation that women experience, and the inconsideration for their hard work and perseverance. In fact it is mentioned that, â€Å"Sometimes, they are not treated equally in their workplace and are considered as inferior to their male co-workers. † (â€Å"Problems Faced by Women†, pars. 1). In male-dominated societies, in addition to lower wages for the same occupation, most women have to face daily struggles against biased mentalities and sometimes intolerant and reckless attitudes of male co-workers as stated. Women can be unappreciated for their talents and achievements, and abused for their creativity and uniqueness. Despite the fact that that some women own rare qualifications needed to attend to certain task, less qualified men tend to be treated more leniently than women in the workplace . In our society especially, female bosses are viewed to be less capable than males, where the act of leadership is most seen as a masculine position (Daily Mail, pars 1). Moreover, another form of feminism is the one being mostly manipulated by men in terms of power and dominance, political discrimination. According to a research, â€Å"in Saudi Arabia and Vatican City, women can’t vote or run for office†¦still† (Dewey, pars. 8). Prohibiting the right to vote against women has not only raised many questions concerning this act of discrimination, but it has also created acts of rebellion in many countries. Are men the only accredited humans with rights? Are women acknowledged as useless insufficient creatures? Unfortunately, although we live in this modern world of technology, the answer is clear; sexism is one of the strongest causes of retardation in the advancement of society. One simple example would be the capability of women to be more diplomatic. The aversion of women to violence and their innate roles as protectors and caregivers give them great potential for political positions in a government. The conclusion for this controversial argument is the fight for women against sexual discrimination and the establishment of effective laws against the sexes. Gender is irrelevant of one’s capabilities and talents, for females in some advanced countries are equally as successful and determined as males, if not more simply for the fact that they carry the burden of discriminated against along with their success. Therefore, the mentality of those men that support sexism should be completely modified. It is stated that, â€Å"Sexism is not the fault of women- kill your fathers, not your mothers. † (Morgan). Ultimately, it is education and the reframing of our vision for a better society and our willingness to work for a better tomorrow, that can hopefully eliminate gender discrimination.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Table of Contents Introduction Literature Studies Management of MDD Conclusion References Introduction MDD is a cluster of syndromes that comprises a mental disorder, which is marked by declined moods, followed by a decline in self-esteem and not being interested in pleasurable tasks. Its features involve a clinical course, marked by major depressive periods. These take like a fortnight, marked by low moods and displeasure. The condition is also referred to as major depression, unipolar depression and clinical depression.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The disorder is disabling and comprises an individual’s lifestyle and family, loss of appetite and sleep distractions, which compromises one’s health (Greden, 2001). The patients of this medical condition end up committing suicide. The reason as to why I chose the topic is because it affects my life and many people around me in school and at home. Having the condition has affected my lifestyle, school work, social life and has compromised my career since I lose pleasure in all activities. I even devalue life as I find my self contemplating on suicide during the phases of depression. MDD affects people differently with different symptoms such as weight loss, pessimism, feeling guilty, loss of concentration, insomnia or hypersomnia, sleeping disorders, fatigue, hopelessness, irritability, loss of self-worth, disinterest in life and in severe cases, delusions and hallucinations may result. The disorder affects more of females as compared to males (Deb Bhattacharjee, 2009). The occurrence of the disorder may be linked to other medical close to 20.0 % to 25.0% of patients with conditions related to cancer, prolonged pain, diabetes, stroke, hypothyroidism, medications e.g. sedatives as well as myocardial infarction, which worsens these conditions (Deb Bha ttacharjee, 2009). Health conditions that accompany MDD include drug abuse, panic, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and borderline personality disorder (Deb Bhattacharjee, 2009). Literature Studies According to one study dubbed the ‘epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder’ aimed at determining the prevalence of MDD. The study design used face to face research in 48 homes in the U.S by interviewing individuals over eighteen years. From the study, the MDD prevalence for a lifetime was 16.2% and that over one year was 6.6% and stated to be â€Å"10.4% mild, 38.6% moderate, 38.0% severe, and 12.9% very severe† (Kessler et al, 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Role impairment showed 59.3% over a year where 51.6% of the cases sought medical attention and were being treated for MDD. Treatment proved enough f or 41.9% of the cases, adding up to 21.7% MDD treatment annually. The study concludes that MDD was a common condition with its distribution being extensive in the population. It is linked to severe symptoms and role impairment. There has been a rise in treating MDD, which offers hope for its management although lack of enough treatment is still a critical issue. The study maintains that â€Å"Emphasis on screening and expansion of treatment needs to be accompanied by a parallel emphasis on treatment quality improvement† (Kessler et al, 2003) Another study regarding MDD on 3,258 adults is presented. According to the study, â€Å"MDD was found to affect women more than men by a ratio of nearly 2 to 1. The lifetime prevalence rate for both sexes combined was 8.6%. The period prevalence rates for both sexes combined were 3.2% and 4.6%, for 6 mo and 1 yr, respectively. The age of onset for MDD showed a wide range, with over 75% of cases having an onset prior to age 30 yrs. The pr esence of a recurrent MDD was associated with an increased risk of substance abuse, panic disorder, and dysthymia, whereas a single MDD episode was not associated with increased comorbidity† (Spaner et al, 1994). The prevalence of MDD according to Culture, sex and age is obvious. Culture for instance affects the communication and experiences regarding MDD where it is mostly experienced as somatic in nature and not by guilt of low moods. Some complain of nerves as well as headaches particularly for Latinos as well as those from Mediterranean origin. Others complain of weakness or fatigue especially the Chinese and Asian people while other talk of heart problems such as those in the Middle East to refer to the depressive feeling. MDD occurs twice as many times as in adolescents and mature women as compared to adolescents and mature males (Deb Bhattacharjee, 2009). The prevalence of MDD is high for individuals aged 25 to 44 years of all genders and lower for those aged 65 and ab ove. Its onset may be at any age but is mostly notable during mid twenties.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies related to MDD have shown a broad rage of outcomes for the population assessment of the condition. The lifetime risk for MDD in population samples vary from 10.0% to 25.0% for males while the point prevalence of MDD in adult population samples varies from 2.0 to 3.0 % for males. MDD is 1.5 to 3 times greater for 1st degree relatives of patients with MDD as compared to the general population. Besides, it has been indicated that alcohol dependence is high in mature 1st degree relatives as well as a higher rate of hyperactivity disorder for children of patients with MDD (Deb Bhattacharjee, 2009). MDD has been attributed to various fatalities where approximately fifteen percent of patients end up committing suicide. Epidemiologi cal studies points that the fatalities of those aged over fifty five years with MDD have risen by four times in the recent years. Management of MDD Treatment of MDD may involve use of antidepressants such as Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Antipsychotic medications are recommended for the ones with severe psychotic symptoms. These drugs needs to be taken for an extensive period and may be combined with supplements like Lithium thyroid hormone for their efficiency of antidepressants, to prevent recurrence of the condition and avoid situations of treatment-resistant depression (Herrman, 2009). Additionally, talk therapy is very efficient and may involve counseling on one’s thoughts and behaviors. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one such procedure, which utilize the modeling of thoughts and feelings as reflected in the behavior of an individual. This method repels negative thoughts. Psychotherapy is essen tial in the understanding of the causes of the problem in relation to their behavior, thinking and feelings. Patients may also be put under Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) especially ones contemplating suicide in order to enhance their moods, for ones with treatment-resistant depression and ones those with psychotic symptoms. Besides, Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) utilizes magnetic pulses directed towards affected brain sections and may be done after carrying out an ECT (Greden, 2001). Conclusion The cause of MDD is not proven though many studies indicate it could result from chemical instability in the brain. This may be as a result of genetic predisposition and interaction with the environment. The factors that are known to trigger MDD include drug use, socio-economic constrains and medical conditions.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More MDD is known to result to several fatalities and therefore it requires to be managed through pharmacological or talk therapies. Open communication is also essential for patients to gain assistance before the disorder destroys a person completely. Such patients needs to be well monitored without being left alone, else they contemplate of suicide. References Deb, S. and Bhattacharjee, A. (2009). Mental Depression: The Silent Killer. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Greden, J. F. (2001). Treatment of Recurrent Depression, Volume 20, Issue 5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Herrman, H., Maj, M, and Sartorius, N. (2009). Depressive Disorders. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Kessler, C. R. et al. (2003). â€Å"The epidemiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Results from Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).† The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(23):3095-3105. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.23.3095. Retrieved from https://jamanetwork.com/journals/j ama/fullarticle/196765 Spaner, D., Bland, R. C. and Newman, S. C. (1994). â€Å"Major Depressive Disorder.† Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol 89(376, Suppl), 7-15. doi: 10.1111/j.16000447.1994.tb05786.x. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-25582-001 This research paper on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) was written and submitted by user Noelle W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marketing Analysis Polyphonic HMI free essay sample

Uncertain Attractive Yet Challenging Music Industry Landscape The music Industry is a 32 billion dollar industry, offering a huge opportunity if it can be penetrated. However, it is fraught with challenges. Arthritiss, producers, and record companies have little idea on how to find and create success in the industrys ABA. The dominant players, I. E. Record companies outfit pursuing the production of teethe next big hit by producing In masses and hoping hope that one turns out good, . This Is shown evidenced by the low hit success rate of 10%. A song topping music charts (Peg. 1, PA). What entails is an Industrial marketing practice of huge inefficiencies and unwise budget expenditure (Peg. 8, PA4). These problems stem from the market interactions of the industry, such as theistic is dictated by popular culture. There is constant and rapid evolution due to both volatility of popular music culture and lack of fail-safe apparatus to accurately predict upcoming trends. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Analysis Polyphonic HMI or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hence, all segments need a tool that Improver tool that Improves their chances of landing a hit song and reduce the need for excessive marketing expenditure..The satisfaction gratification of this need is ever more urgent due to falling sales and increasing music piracy (Peg. 5, PA). Can HAS be the answer to the industry needs? 2. Harnessing Overcoming Polyphonic HIM Barriers Opportunities Polyphonic HIM has significant barriers to overcome. Upon failing to impress hardware providers, HIM is lacking capital and time. In an Industry that Is normally associated with art, they have not found a way to make science and music mesh.However, they possess the potential to revolutionize the music industry. Polyphonic Whims core competencies IEEE in its technical expertise in artificial intelligence and natural science applications (Peg. 2, PA). Even though it does not provide specific feedback on how to improve a song, Haste HAS scientific product has the ability to revolutionize the music industry Phelps to eliminateeliminating the uncertainties of relying on instinct while incorporating humanistic music preferences In predicting future successes..It will serve to reduce marketing Inefficiencies, thereby allocating concentrated efforts and budgets to refocus efforts and budgets towards hits that have a A wheelwright likelihood of success of making the next big hit. Below are further issues of consideration, specific to HIM. What stand in its way is the minor issues detailed below. Minor Issues 1. Shoestring Marketing Budget HIM operates on a limited budget of $1 50,000 and this creates two Implications. First, HIM Is unable to reach out to the entire market and It limits them to target only 1 segment at this juncture..Pricing is critical as well, given that it needs to ensure that it recovers its operating fixed costs. Secondly, HIM is in dire need of a off cost efficient marketing plan is unable to do advertising and has to strategically come up with a feasible selling process. What is Hisss ideal marketing mix? 2. Dealing with Competition In Dalton to the budget constraints, HIM cannot simply Consigliore are competitors compartmentalizing forces, which lies in the substitutes of HAS which are traditional call-out studies and individuals gut instincts (preference surveys).These conventional substitutes depended on human instincts and thus it makes consumers highly skeptical of the abrupt replacement with machines. Depending on the different uses of spectrophotometer, it is pertinent to note that levels of skepticism Mould differ across segments and in turn affect the adaptability of HAS. Thus, based on the target market, how should HIM needs to position itself using an optimal marketing strategy to minimize skepticism and ensure highest possible profits?. Strategic Options: Option 1 : Target Unsi gned artists (AU). The AU segment comprises of hundreds of thousands of hopefuls that dream of a shot at fame and who are willing to spend money to further their dreams. Value Drivers: For AAAS, nothing gets in the way of pursuing their dreams. In addition, they form a mostly technologically as. N. Y crowd ho are willing to adopt new technologies like HAS. The potential of this segment is age where 300-400 demos are sent to a record label per week. Approximately 187,200 demos (350 demos per week) are sent in per year to the dozen or so ARCS under Universal Music Group for the US market (Peg. , PA). Risk Drivers: The core needs of CIA is to get a contract from Arcs, but as ARCS might not align their tastes and preferences to the scoring criteria of HAS (Peg. 12, AS), a good report from HAS does not directly translate to the CIA being signed by the RCA. USA have financial constraints Inch have prevented them from seeking available avenues like Internet Polls and Call-out surveys that costs above $1000 (Peg. 0, Pl). The shoestring budget does not allow for extensive advertising as it is costly for outreach to the massive number of USA (Peg. 1, PA). Lastly, the reports may be too complex for USA to understand, resulting in low adaptability. Option 2: Target Producers. This segment comprises 20-30 successful producers, few hundred producers with occasional hits and thousands of minor producers. Value Drivers: The use of HAS can help to diminish uncertainty to a certain extent, giving producers a better gauge of the potential of their songs. Risk Drivers: There are a few noteworthy risks. Outfits, there is a disconnection with the primary needs of the producers.Producers need to create hit songs but HAS merely suggests whether the songs that have the potential to become hits, showing limited effectiveness in tweaking songs. Therefore, HAS can only be seen as a subordinate tool in meeting producers needs. Secondly, thereafter is a high level of skepticism as producers pride themselves as artists with skills that cannot be replaced by a machine. Lastly, they might feel threatened that the software Nail replace their Job and hence refuse to adopt it.Risk Drivers: The core needs of AU s to get a contract from Arcs, but as ARCS might not align their tastes and preferences to the scoring criteria of HAS (Peg. 12, AS), a good report from HAS does not directly translate to the CIA being signed by the RCA. Thus, HAS is unable to meet the needs of this segment. Next, CIA have financial constraints which had prevented them from seeking available avenues like Internet Polls and Call-out surveys that costs above $1000 (Peg. 10, Pl). Thus, this is a highly price sensitive segment.In addition, Polyphonic does not have the full registry of CIA. The shoestring budget does not low for extensive advertising as it is costly for outreach to the massive number of in low adaptability. Option 3: Target Record Companies(RCA). This segment comprises of five major ARCS with combined share of 84% in the U. S. Market, each being home to at least a dozen labels. In addition, there are also tens of thousands of other small and midsized ARCS (Peg. 6, Pl). Value Drivers: The core needs for of ARCS is to reduce fixed costs that mainly stem from marketing initiatives(Peg. , PA). Hence, the core competency of HAS can directly address the by helping them filter hits and needs of Arcs, which is to predict hit songs with high accuracy for better allocation of baccalaureate budget to support likely hits and generate higher expected revenues. In addition, ARCS areas more a price insensitive, segment predisposed with higher budget and resources. A partial ACCORD analysis shows that this segment has high adaptability: HAS with an accuracy of 80% would be perceived to be more superior to traditional research methods of fairly low accuracy of 10% (Peg. 0, PA3). HAS is highly compatible as it suits the labels current behavior of sending songs for in-depth analysis in the form of reports. And since ARCS have familiarity with interpreting reports, complexity is low. The massive use of HAS in the music industry will definitely allow HAS to get noticed and tributes will spread by word-of-mouth, ensuring high communicability. Risk Drivers: However, Record labels under the same record company have significant collective buyer power to congregate and pressurize Polyphonic to reduce prices for their reports.In addition, major ARCS are hierarchical and operate with red tape, so the process of implementing HAS would be cumbersome. Recommendation: Option 3 is recommended. As the music industry faces a decline in album sales, the ARCS are forced to practice caution in launching albums. Consumers have become more discerning with their product expenditure. Every album launch requires a gamble on the part of the RCA marketing expenditure of $300,000 and upwards do not guarantee success in recouping the costs and profitability.An axiom of the industry is that less than 15% of released music titles generate profit, meaning the bulk of marketing investment are moot. Therefore, HAS brings about intervention to support the inner workings of Arcs. HAS sifts out the albums that do not make the cut room the manufacturing line, which avoids wastage of marketing budget. On the other hand, HAS could direct the ARCS to focus their endeavors on potential hit albums by allocating the bulk of budget to support likely hits. As such, HAS helps the ARCS to streamline marketing initiatives, and extract higher values from marketing investments.The ARCS can then reap higher margins from a reduction of fixed marketing costs. With predictive accuracy of about 80%, ARCS will perceive HAS as instrumental in turning their performance around. Justification of Recommendation Positioning Statement: Balance between Science and Art Within the business of research technologies in the pop music industry available to Arcs, Hit Song Science deviates from subjective preference sampling of limited individuals by Juxtaposing the test song and mathematical attributes of past hits alliterated by masses.HAS is thus the new-edge scientific humanistic tool that engages a million cultured ears to increase the likelihood of producing hits and reduce marketing expenditure. Generate u nbiased and technical assessments of songs, regardless of the reputation of the artiste. Financial Attractiveness Option 2: Producers option 3: RCA Target Volume 0,000 songs 5,500 songs 1 1 ,OHO songs Marketing Cost $1. 51 Unsigned artist $98. 41 Producer $2,500/ label target top 5 first) areas Even Price (BEEP) $95/ song $130/ song $89. 1 song above PVC) $30,000 $19,500 $33,000 Assumptions for all segments: Annual Fixed Cost=$500,OHO, Marketing budget= per song = $30, 10 songs/artist, Figures are for North America. Assumptions for CIA: 100,000 unsigned artists (Peg. 5, PA), Penetration Rate (PR)=I% Assumptions for Producers: 25 top producers(20 artists each) (Peg. 7 PA),500 one hit producers(10 artists each)l ,OHO aspiring producers (1 artist each) PR=I% Assumptions for RCA: 12 labels per record company (Peg. , PA), 5 major Arcs, 10,000 small Arcs, 2,500 unique albums and 3,000 unique singles, PR=50% Unit Contribution Analyzing the financial of each segment, it corroborates that targeting major ARCS Option 3) is the optimal choice. The $1 50,000 marketing budget is sufficient due to the least outreach that needs to be marketed to (12 labels or 5 Arcs). It Justifies the higher arbitrary market penetration rate set at 50%. Comparing with Option 2 and 3, marketing budget will be overstretched due to the much larger base of interested parties. Egg: only $1. Racketing dollars can be spent per unsigned artist which is probably close to production cost of a leaflet for promotion. Even though Option 1 and 2 have higher gross song volumes, the higher market penetration in Option 3 ensures the highest effective volume of songs that HAS technology captures (11,000 songs). Option 3 is also the most financially viable because it delivers the lowest areas-Even Price ($89/song) and highest Total Unit Contribution ($33,000). ), assuming that each song is priced 10% above Variable Cost of $30 for all 3 options.Value Sharing between ARCS and Humiliated by HAS for Record Companies To Justify he premium pricing of HAS(see later), we first considered Hisss value add for to the two main sources: (1) Marketing Cost Savings and (2) Increase in Expected Revenues. Marketing Cost Savings Before HAS After HAS Success rate of marketing to get hits Singles to market 2 Marketing and Promotion cost/singles Total marketing cost Marketing cost savings Assumptions: (1) Peg. 10 PA, Assume conservative 50% success rate instead of 80%. (2) Peg. 9 PA, Assume HAS capture only 50% of 3000 new singles. (3) Peg. PA, Assume $300,000 marketing cost and $100,000 promotion fees (1): Usage of HAS dramatically educes Marketing Expenses of newly released singles. Traditionally, there are about 3000 singles released per year, of which HAS technology captures half due to the 50% market penetration rate. Given that the HAS software increases success rate of marketing hits from 10% to 50%, we only have to promote 300 singles (instead of 1,500) to get 150 hits. Assuming each single is marketed and promoted at $400,000 per single (Peg. 8 PA), this results in 80% decrease in marketing expenditure from MM to $MM, generating potential cost savings of $MM. 2): Assuming hit success rate remains at 10%, there will also be an increase of expected revenues of MM. With the implementation of HAS technology, there is now 80%there is 40% probabilistically predictability (50% instead of 10% based on AR) that 1 out of 10 albums/singles marketed will become hits, generating increased probability- Knighted expected revenues of $776. MM for albums and $65. MM for singles. Increase in Expected Revenues Hit Success Rate (Fixed) Success rate of marketing to get hits Number of hit albums 125 381 Number of non-hit albums 1,375 Probability weighted revenues from non-hit albums (Table A)Increase in expected revenues from albums Number of non-hit singles 150 Probability weighted revenues from hit singles (Table A)Weighted expected revenues from hit singles 11,500,000 1,350 Probability weighted revenues from non-hit singles (Table A)Weighted expected revenues from non-hit singles 4,950,000 Total Increase in Expected Revenues Assumptions: Hit albums = Hit Success unique albums-?125 ton-hit albums-2500-125) Hit singles = Hit success * *3000 unique singles-?1 50 (Non-hit singles=3000-1 50) Probability weighted revenues from hit-singles/albums= Success rate of marketing /3)*Low Estimate+(l /3)*Med Est 3)*High Est] *Hit singles/liberalnesss in expected revenues from singles Sensitivity Analysis to Determine Optimal Procrastinating hit success rate remains at 10%, there will also be an increase of expected revenues of $MM. With the implementation of HAS technology, there is now 80% probability (instead of 10% based on A) that 1 out of 10 albums/singles marketed will become hits, generating increased probability-weighted expected revenues of $776. MM for albums and 565. MM for singles. Sensitivity SVGA Market Penetration Rate 75% Success Rate of Marketing to get hits 37801,477 1 51 337,931 ,250 1 ere sensitivity table proves that implementing HAS technology improves success rate of marketing, which in turn increases the SVGA for the Arcs. However, we observe that SVGA is limited by the market penetration rate, depending on how best HIM utilizes its marketing budget to capture the largest possible portion of the market, reinforcing the importance of Promotion and Distribution strategies. Its marketing mix. SVGA was then utilized to derive the price ceiling, price floor and target price of HAS technology on a per song basis. Based on target price of $60,105 per song or $600,105 per album, HIM is able to achieve a profit margin of 99. 85%.Price Ceiling Price Floor Target Price Assumptions 100% Penetration Rate Success Rate 1% Penetration Rate 11% Success Rate Penetration Rate Share of GAVE Price/songs $181,730 $6,873 $60,105 Net Value Add to Arcs 1$2. 68 bill) $1. 32 bill $661 mil Profit Margin of HIM(PM) 39. 97% 56. 58% 39. 85% Assumptions: (1) SVGA divided by target volume(market penetration * total volume of songs) (2) Net Value Add= Gross Value Add- Cost of Reports; Cost of Reports = Price per song * Market Penetration Rate * Volume of Songs (3) Assume that HIM will share alee created with record companies equally The sensitivity table proves that implementing HAS technology improves success rate of marketing, which in turn increases the SVGA for the Arcs.However, we observe that SVGA is limited by the market penetration rate, depending on how best HIM utilizes its marketing budget to capture the largest possible portion of the market, reinforcing the importance of Promotion and Distribution strategies. SVGA was then utilized to derive the price ceiling, price floor and target price of HAS technology on a per song basis. Based on target price of 60,105 per song or $600,105 per album, HIM is able to achieve a profit margin of 39. 85%. To analyze the mutual benefit of implementing HAS, we analyzed Hisss deducting all the relevant costs (Peg. 8 PA). With the implementation of HAS technology target price and assuming that Universal claims 32% the $661 M net value created See Pricing of HAS), this results in 8% increase in profit margin. PM.Suggested Marketing Mix for HAS Short Term: HIM should first target one major RCA to the top Major ARCS and hope to achieve industry awareness and accreditation of the technology and capture the ailing with at least one major Record Company. Patenting the HAS technology and giving competitive exclusive rights to one RCA will diminish buyer power that major ARCS hold when they congregate. Seethe suggested Pricing is standardized at $60,000 per song. The Product is homogeneous and utilized on master recordings of established artists. Pertaining Promotion and Place, HIM would seek the management of ARCS management via professional connections of HIM board members.Advertising leaflets are published to inform about the product. Salesmen and technical satisfactoriness would execute On-site Demonstrations to entice and enlighten Interested Arcs. Follow-ups are conducted to update ARCS on changing market trends and consumer preferences. For further market awareness, HAS guaranteed stickers Nail be placed on record label albums to enhance visibility of product. Mid-term and needed:Hem would now target small/medium sized Arcs, Producers and Unsigned Artists. The aim is to increase sales volume in other segments using the Market and Product Development strategy. Pricing is discriminated between Producers and Unsigned Artists.The Product is licensed as a software to major Arcs, while reports re personalized and simplified for USA and aspiring producers. Promotion and Place Initiatives are done via personal selling and one-to-one consultation with ARCS with the incentive of volume discounts. HIM can also offer trials of one unreleased song and four recently released songs to validate predictive and post-deceive accuracy. A chart release of Top 100 songs screened through by HAS technology and online retailers reviews increases product visibility. HIM will pursue the development of mobile APS and DID online websites for unsigned artists and producers to encourage easier consumer adoption.

Calibans resentment Essays

Calibans resentment Essays Calibans resentment Paper Calibans resentment Paper Power is one of the main themes of this play. Most of the characters seem to want power. In Act 3 Scene 2 Shakespeare presents Caliban in four different ways. He shown as servile and respective, he shows this by begging Stephano and asking Let me lick thy shoe and hes only respectful because Stephano has been nice to him valiant masterI thank my noble lordif thy greatness will. Caliban is lonely. Caliban is also shown as trusting because he has barely known Stephano and already trusts him enough to say that he will tell him all the secrets of the island. He trusts Stephano enough to tell him his story I say, by sorcery he got this isle. This shows that he has a social desire to communicate with people. Hes pathetic to trust so quickly but he only trusts quickly because of loneliness. Shakespeare also shows him as vindictive. Caliban hates Prospero for the way he has treated him, he resents Prospero and wants to get his own back because Prospero has hurt him even though Caliban has treated Prospero like a God. Revenge it on himwhen Prospero is destroyed. Caliban sounds desperate when he says wilt thou destroy him then? Calibans resentment is shown when Shakespeare uses alliteration and assonance, thou mayst knock a nail into his head this also sounds violent and physical imagery is used. Beat him enough; after a little time, Ill beat him too this sentence has alliteration as well. Ay, lord, she will become thy bed, I warrant, and bring thee forth brae brood this is not a very nice remark. Caliban is shown as sensitive and poetic as well and when it comes to his Island he talks about it ever so passionately because he loves it but he also hates the fact that he doesnt rule it. Be not afeard. The isle is full of noises, sounds and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not. Sometimes a thousand twangling instruments will hum about mine ears; and sometimes voices, that if I then had waked after long sleep, will make me sleep again; and then in dreaming, the clouds, methought, would open and show riches ready to drop upon me, that when I waked I cried to sleep again. He talks about Sycorax his mother in a sensitive tone. Be not afeard this is an onomatopoeia. I cried to dream again this is sensitive. This whole speech shows Calibans poetic side and tells of his dreams. He says that hes learnt language to curse but when he describes Miranda he is so poetic and persuasive with the extent of her beauty and he even uses a French word. The beauty of his daughter; he himself calls her a nonpareil. I never saw a woman but only Sycorax, my dam, and she; but she as far surpasseth Sycorax as greatst does least. By the end of the scene the audience probably has less sympathy for Caliban because hes planning to murder Prospero but they will despise him less as they know that hes lonely, desperate, stupid to trust others so easily, hes been brought up as a slave and he has got a sensitive side. In Act 4 Scene 1 Caliban, Stephano and Trinculo are near Prosperos home. Prithee, my king, be quiet. Seest thou here; this is the mouth oth cell. No noise, and enter. Do that good mischief which may make this island thine own forever, and I, thy Caliban, for aye thy foot-licker this little speech shows that Caliban has got everything worked out but some garments catch Stephano and Trinculos eyes my kingthou kingbe quiet. Caliban is very angry at this stage, Stephano and Trinculo arent concentrating on the job in hand, hes serious about getting Prospero killed but they arent. Caliban gets really agitated and calls Stephano a fool The dropsy drown this fool! What do you mean to dote thus on such luggage? Lett alone and do the murder first. If he awake, from toe to crown hell fill our skin with pinches, make us strange stuff. Caliban is scared of Prospero torturing him again.  Ay, that I will; and Ill be wise hereafter and seek for grace. What a thrice-double ass was I to take this drunkard for a god, and worship this dull fool! Caliban here tries to get Prosperos forgiveness; he realises that hes made a mistake. When you talk about grace its at a religious level usually but Caliban is asking for forgiveness using a religious word. Caliban is described sometimes as a tortoise and at other times as a fish he is abused a lot because of his looks but the reader doesnt know what he really looks like because hes described in a lot of different ways. Shakespeare lets the readers mind imagine was Caliban looks like.  After having explored Shakespeares presentation of Caliban in The Tempest. I accept that Caliban has got a dark side but hes also got a good side, although it isnt shown as often, hes a sensitive being.

HUMAN SMPILEX VIRUS TYPE 1 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HUMAN SMPILEX VIRUS TYPE 1 - Article Example Moreover, insofar as the Cleveland case was concerned, its presentation in a respected medical journal did lend the required air of credibility. Another link between changes in the immune system, a cofactor (psychological stress), and the recurrence of disease (in this case, genital herpes) was established in 1985 at the University of California at San Francisco, where health psychologist Margaret Kemeny evaluated 40 persons with genital herpes over a six-month period. She analyzed several variables, including measures of stressful life events (daily hassles, anticipated stress), life goals, coping measures, social support, and changing health habits. Blood samples were drawn from the subjects each month so that the investigators could look at possible stress-induced immunological changes. The laboratory diagnosis can help to determine culture of the virus, type of the virus, direct fluorescent antibody, chain reaction, skin biopsy, and other immunological methods which helps to determine anti-HSV antibody. Serological tests are also used for HVS-1 detection, but because of their high costs, they are not popular in medical practice. According to the preliminary findings, subjects with the highest levels of stress suffered the highest rates of herpes recurrence and had changes in their immune systems, notably in the number of helper T-cells in their blood. Moreover, the recurrences were most likely to occur in the month following a major stressful event -- such as the death of a family member, losing a job, failing an exam, or moving -- or in the month following the anticipation of a stressful event. If true, this would be a far greater threat than transfusion-related AIDS. Transfusion can also pass along one of the five members of the human herpes group, the cytomegalovirus (CMV), a slowspreading agent that can cause a mononucleosislike illness, birth defects, and infections in patients whose immune systems have been suppressed (Flint et al 2009). Human Simplex Virus - 1 Even without symptoms, the very possibility that the virus may have entered one's system is enough to paralyze a person with fear. If there is, indeed, as the researchers have shown, a direct association between stress and immune function, the intensity of that stress might very well determine whether someone who has had a questionable contact will develop AIDS or one of the diseases associated with it. On the other hand, as noted earlier, the consensus is that infection with the virus alone is enough to cause AIDS -- that it is the virus that severely damages the immune system, whether the system was previously impaired or not. There is, of course, strong evidence in support of this view. For instance, although there was clinical and laboratory proof of cellular immune dysfunction in each of the cases of AIDS that were turning up in homosexual men, investigators were learning that not all of the victims had a history of underlying immunosuppressive disease or therapy (Flint et al 20 09). According to epidemiological studies, "worldwide 90% of people have one or

Database design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Database design - Essay Example From the introduction, I learned that the idea of database management system arose as a result of the unending complexities associated with managing data using spreadsheet. Though the spreadsheet enables on to store various data, it is difficult to manage it because the data in different sheets are disjointed (Brathwaite, 2012). The spreadsheets do not a have tools which enables data which are related to be linked. I also learned about database management systems. These are software package or a set of programs that are used by the people to interact with the database system. These packages were developed because managing the database is a complicated and inherent task. The DBMS enable complete manipulation of the underlying database. The diagrams representing the interaction between the programs, user, database and database management system enabled me to internalize the database design concept. Considering the strength and weaknesses of the database, I realized that database system is inherently important to any organization which uses a computerized system. The advantages outdo the disadvantages by far. The henry books database case is an ideal case study for database design. It provides all the information required in designing a database system. The course also introduced me to relational databases and different low level programming features such as Query-By-Exam (QBE), simple and compound query criteria, database fields, tables and functional. All these are programming features used when designing and developing a database system. I also learned about different features used in manipulating data in the database system. These include and not limited to co sorting, joining tables, the use of update query statements, make table query, delete-table query, select, project data select and normal sets. The case study gave detailed illustrations of these database features. The course also introduced me to

Photosynthesis Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Photosynthesis - Lab Report Example At that point the two factors that are kept constant will act as limiting factors and they will be limiting the further increase in rate of photosynthesis. Method: In this experiment we kept temperature as an independent variable. We cut a piece of elodea and kept it in a beaker of water and anchored it with a paper clip. We placed the lamp 7cm away from the beaker and the lamp was kept at this point throughout the experiment. In order to keep the concentration of CO2 constant we assumed that the CO2 in the water in the beaker remained same throughout the experiment. We changed the temperature of the experiment by changing the temperature of the water in the beaker. We obtained hot water in the beaker by pouring hot water from the kettle in the beaker and we obtained cold water by adding ice to the beaker. We measured the rate of photosynthesis by measuring the rate of oxygen given off by the elodea. In order to measure the volume of air given off we used a photosynthometer. In order to prevent bubbles to appear in the tubing of photsynthometer we kept the tubing in the water. We started out experiment with initial temperature of 40 ÂÂ °C. We used a thermometer to ensure that the temperature of water in the beaker was 40 ÂÂ °C and then placed elodea that has previously kept in dark into the beaker. We used a piece of elodea that was previously kept in the dark because this ensured that the plant had not been previously photosynthesing and it avoided us having unfair results. Once we placed elodea in the beaker we immediately started noting the time it took for 5mm3 of air to be trapped in photosynthometer. The average time taken at 40 ÂÂ °C was calculated and it was noted as 6.5 minutes. The experiment was repeated at different temperatures like 15 ÂÂ °C, 20ÂÂ °C, 30 ÂÂ °C. To ensure constant temperature was maintained during each experiment a thermometer was placed in the

Canon Company Introduction History and Culture

Canon Company Introduction History and Culture Index History of the company History of Logo Company Officers Corporate Organization Chart Company Business personal Business Office Professional Industry Achievements Why Canon is a Groundbreaking brand? Picture Gallery References History of Company. The company was started in 1930s. Now this company is one of the global leaders and the best market leaders in cameras, camcorders, printers and optical products. In past this company was originally named Seikikogaku Kenkyasho, meaning precision optical industry. The founded by Takeshi Mitharai, Goro Yoshida, Saburo Uchida and Takeo Maeda. Founders goal was to create Japans first-ever 35mm camera with focal plane shutter When these four founders couldnt purchase any necessary equipment, they made a camera with Nikon Corporation. They include Nikon lenses for the Canon cameras. Canon team made their first prototype of a camera for the first time in Japan. It was named as Kwanon. Over the years, the name switched from there to canon camera Co Inc. and Finally Canon Inc. in the 1960s. Canon Company always believed in ground breaking inventions. They started to thinking out of the box and they always applied their things with future in mind, therefore brand and business started growing rapidly. Canon started to take over the market. This company was always the first to launch something new to the world. After the canon foundation was established eventually. In 1934:- Canon make their first Camera Product, 35mm focal- plane-shutter camera. In 1935:- Their company registration with the trademark. In 1936:- They introduce their 35 mm focal-plane-shutter camera to the market. In 1937:- Precision Optical Industry, Co., Ltd. is founded. In 1939:- In-House production of Serenar Lens commenced. In 1940:- Japans first indirect X-ray Camera is developed by Canon. In 1942:- Takeshi Mitarai is appointed as president of Precision Optical Industry, Co., Ltd. In 1945:- They started to make midrange J ll focal-plane-shutter camera. In 1946:- The Ginza Camera Service Station opens and Canon Sll is introduced. In 1947:- The Company became Canon Camera Co. Inc. and Japan government gave their priority to canon when Japan resumed export activities. In 1949:- In this year canon ll B camera released. In 1951:- Serenar 50mm f / 1.8 lens is introduced. In 1952:- They launched the IV sb camera. In 1954:- They improved IV sb before the sale next stock. In 1955:- Cine 8T Movie Camera development began in this year. And they opened New York branch Office. In 1956:- They released Canon First 8mm Movie camera Cine 8T. In 1957:-Canon Europa, is established in Geneva. In 1958:- They introduced zoom lens for television broadcasting. In 1959:- They introduced their first SLR camera Canon Flex. And Canon Reflex Zoom 8 was born. In 1960:- They developed a magnetic head for use in VTrs. And they entered the market for magnetic heads. In 1962:- They developed their five year plan entry into the business machine market. And they developed the R lens for SLR cameras. In 1963:- They started their works on optical fiber development. And they introduced X-ray mirror camera. In this year they introduced Canon Demi pocket camera. In 1964:- this year FL lens series to replace the R lens, its get the same appearance of FX system. And they opened Tamagawa factory producing 8mm movie cameras and lenses. The main thing was Canola 130, the worlds first 10-key electronic calculator they introduced. In 1965:- This year they enter the photo-copying machine field with the introduction of the Canofax 1000. And they established Canon U.S A. Inc. In 1967:- This year was the 30th anniversary of the canon slogan. And they established Canon Latin America, Inc. In 1968:- This year they established canon business machine sales Inc. in Japan. They introduced their NP system the original electro-photography technology. And also they introduced the plain paper copier to market. In 1969:- This year they changed their company name to Canon Inc. Furthermore they established their Fukushima camera manufacturing plant. In 1970:- This year Canon introduced their NP-1100 Japans first plain paper copier to the market. In 1970 year they introduced their first mask aligner PPC-1. In 1971-1980 Canon Company started their four organizations marketing their canon brand and their production equipments in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Los Angeles. In 1980-1999 Canon company make new standards for Color, Black and White and fax technology. End of the 1990s all four sales companies purchased by CANON U.S.A. In 2000-2010 this time period Canon U.S.A their four foundational companies changed their marketing tricks. In 2003 New York and Philadelphia sub companies merged with canon business solutions, Inc. In 2008 three regions officially combined with the Canon Business Solutions, Inc. This combined strength give the best effort to go better position Canon. Canon Business Solutions opened more than 50 offices around the U.S country. Because they wanted to give the best service for their valuable customers. In present: Canon U.S.A Company merged with North America Canon Business Solution to from one of the largest imaging business to business sales organization in the world. This merged company named as Canon Solutions America, Inc. History of Logo The logo canon holds such meanings. It effectively shows Canons corporate spirit, this aims to set a global standard for advanced technologies and service while becoming a top in the industry to which will direct ones hopes or ambitions towards achieving something. The Canons logo, introduced in 1935. Although it changed allover to present logo as company grows. Without being affected these modifications, the strong character without absorbing it in the sweeping inward stroke of the C has remained intact from the day that the company was founded. Make great efforts to achieve for consistent behavior in communication since day one has greatly contributed to the worldwide. The present canon logo contains a vivid red color, although it has undergone for a number of changes before it reaching the present logo. In 1933, when precision optical instruments laboratory was established, they use the name Kwanon to cameras manufactured on the trails basis at this time. This title reflected the quality of being well meaning of Kwanon, the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy, and include the companys vision of creating marvelous magnificent cameras in the world. The logo also represent the image of the Goddess kwanon with 1000 arms and flames. When the company attempt to find to begin full-scale marketing, it needed a fantastic brand name that all the people will accept in the world. So, for this an attitude to a particular issue, in 1935 the name Canon was registered as the official trademark. This word Canon has a number meanings such as scriptures, criterion and standard. The trademark therefore showing the qualities that deserve the specified action of a company involved with fact of being exact and accurate equipment, where accuracy is fundamentally important. It is also be an expression of the companys desire to meet world-class principal and industry standards. Although these both words Canon and Kwanon had the same pronunciations, the transition went smoothly. A designer specializing in advertising created the original Canon logo in 1935. The C was exclusive in that its top end curved inward, ending in a sharp point. This style of particular design of type did not then exist in Europe or North America. The Canon name and logo were designed to show the companys global prospect, which it adopted right from beginning to the present. In 1947, Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory underwent quite a few name changes before the adoption of Canon camera Co, Inc. This change was important in that Canon brand and company names were unified for the first time in its history. Several versions of logo were also used, until a unified version was created in 1953. After further clarification, the logo of present was perfected in 1955, it has remained unchanged for nearly half a century. Company Officers CEO Fujio Mitarai President Masaya Maeda Executive Vice PresidentToshizo Tanaka Senior Managing Director Shigeyuki Matsumoto Audit and SupervisorsMakoto Araki Kazuto Ono Executive Vice Presidents Yoroku Adachi       Toshio Homma Senior Managing Executive OfficersHideki Ozawa Seymour Liebman Rokus van Iperen Managing Executive OfficersYasuhiro Tani Kenichi Nagasawa Naoji Otsuka Hiroyuki Suematsu Shigeyuki Uzawa Masanori Yamada Aitake Wakiya Akiyoshi Kimura Eiji Osanai Masaaki Nakamura Akio Noguchi Ryuichi Ebinuma Yuichi Ishizuka Kazuto Ogawa Executive Officers Shunsuke Inoue Takayuki Miyamoto Katusumi Lijima Soichi Hiramatsu Kazuhiko Noguchi Masato Okada Yoichi Iwabuchi Hiroaki Takeishi Takashi Takeya Nobuyuki Tainaka Takanobu Nakamasu Toshihiko Kusumoto Akiko Tanaka Go Tokura Ritsuo Mashiko Hissahiro Minokawa Noriko Gunji Canon Organization Chart Company Business Canon Company have wide range of businesses around the world. They specialize in image and optical products, camera, photocopiers and printers. Canon Company has become a leader in digital imaging, office printers, copiers, fax machines, and broadcasting equipment. They have more than 200 companies worldwide. They have some business types. *Personal *Office *Professional *Industry these are the categories of their business. Personal They have many products under this. For a person who want to capture the moments, scenes from travels, special occasions, Canon Company develop the best products for these things. These are the some products they have, Interchangeable Lens Digital Cameras Digital Camcorders Digital Camcorders Connect Stations Inkjet Printers Office Canon Company have high-quality printers and products for office use. And also they have software solutions and cloud-based document services and other technologies. Canon Company offers wide range of tools and products for office work environments. Laser Printers and Multifunction Printers Large Inkjet Printers Multimedia Projectors Business Inkjet Printers Professional Canon professional use products are made with high technology. Their professional cameras provide high image quality. Canon image products earned the trust of the top professionals in world. In the medical field their imaging technologies deliver the best support. These are some products at Professional level. Digital Cinema Cameras Professional Displays Ophthalmic Equipment Digital Radiography Professional Photo Inkjet Printers Industry Canon Company produces the high-performance, high-image-quality industrial equipment. They have many products in this category, these are some of their products. Digital Production Printing System 3-D Machine Vision Systems Semiconductor Lithography Equipment Commercial Photo Printing MR Systems Achievements Since the beginning of Canon Company in 1930, it has achieved many things so far in its journey of nearly 86 years till now. This multinational company is recognized as one of the greatest companies because of its great achievements. Canon achieved greatness in several areas which they develop their products to. They achieve so many things mainly because of world known quality of their product. Canon Company achieved productions of its interchangeable lenses surpasses 100 million mark as worlds first in 2014. Canon Company celebrated production of 110 million interchangeable EF lenses in 2015. Canon Company celebrates production of 50 million EOS-series SLR cameras. Canon Company wins five Winter pick Awards in 2015 K-35 Macro Zoom Lens K5 * 25 win Scientific or Technical Award U.S Academy Awards in 1973 EF35-350mm USM Best Lens in Europe, TIPA European Photo and Video Awards in 1993 Canon Eye Focusing Control Win Best Technology and Design In Europe, TIPA European Photo and Video Awards. EOS-IV TIPA Best SLR Camera in 2000 and also it win European Professional Camera of the year. DIGITAL IXUS TIPA Best Digital Compact Camera, TIPA Best European Photo and Imaging Awards in 2001 EOS- 1D TIPA Best Digital Camera In 2002 EOS-1Ds Camera of the year and EISA European Professional Digital Camera of the Year in 2003 EOS-1D Mark ll TIPA Best Professional Digital SLR Camera and EISA European Professional Digital Camera Of the year in 2004. EOS-1Ds Mark ll TIPA Best D-SLR Professional Digital Camera in Europe in 2005. EOS 5D EISA European Professional Camera of the year and TIPA Best D-SLR Professional in Europe 2006 EOS-1D Mark lll TIPA Best D-SLR Professional in Europe and EISA European Professional Camera of the year in 2007 EF-S55-250mm TIPA Best Entry-Level Lens in Europe in 2008 EOS 5D Mark ll, Camera of the year and European Advanced Camera EISA Awards in 2009 EOS 7D TIPA Best DSLR Expert and EISA European Advanced SLR Camera in 2010 EOS 600D TIPA Best Entry Level Product and European Camera of the Year in 2011 EF70-200mm f2.8L IS ll USM TIPA Best Professional Lens in 2011 EOS 1D X Best DSLR Professional TIPA Awards and iF Product Design Awards in 2012. And also EOS 5D Mark lll Best Video DSLR TIPA Awards and European Advanced SLR Camera in 2012. EOS 6D Camera Journal Press Award , Good Design Award, Best DLSR Expert TIPA Awards in 2013 EOS Remote Smartphone App Good Design Award 2013 Canon 70D Bes DSLR Advanced TIPA Awards and Camera Journal Press Award in 2014 EOS 7D Mark ll European Prosumer DSLR Camera EISA award , Best DSLR Expert TIPA Awards in 2015 EOS 5Ds, EOS 5Ds R European Professional DSLR Camera EISA Award in 2015 EOS-1D X Mark ll Best photo / Video Professional Camera TIPA Awards and European Professional DSLR Camera EISA Awards in 2016 Why canon is a Groundbreaking brand? Whats groundbreaking about canon brand is that it always sets new standards in areas which they develop their products to. They always try to include new technology in their products and let customers experience things that they never experienced before. Since they developed their first camera in 1930, they had a vision to improve quality and to produce better products than its rivals. This journey is very special as canon always tried their best to provide quality product to their customers. Picture Gallery References https://www.dpreview.com http://www.robgalbraith.com/ http://cmu1.jp.canon.com/camera-museum/history/canon_story (Translated to english version in chrome translator) http://www.kaisyahakken.metro.tokyo.jp/success/example/ (Translated to english version in chrome translator) http://www.canon.com/technology/approach/history/op-tech.html http://sgalagan.com/canon-company/ http://www.canon-bm.com.ph/index.html http://www.kenrockwell.com/canon/fd/ae-1-program.htm http://www.medwow.com/med/retinal-camera/canon/cr-45nm/61243.model- spec http://uk.iofc.org/ryuzaburo-kaku-1926-2001 http://www.mrmartinweb.com/35mmslrauto.html http://petapixel.com/2011/03/23/evolution-of-canons-name-and-logo/ http://digital-photography-school.com/printers-laser-vs-inkjet/ https://shop.usa.canon.com/shop/en/catalog/connect-station-cs100 http://www.camerahouse.com.au/products/Compact-Cameras.aspx http://www.winuxsolutions.in/products.php?pg=pfname=printersscanner id=yes https://www.usa.canon.com/internet/portal/us/home/products/details/digital-radiography-fluoroscopy/digital-radiography-solutions/radpro-urs-universal-radiography-system http://www.japanbullet.com/technology/canon-pixma-pro-10-professional-photo-inkjet-printer https://www.usa.canon.com/internet/portal/us/home/explore/product-showcases/industrial-products/litho-products http://global.canon/en/c-museum/history http://www.canon.co.uk/about_us/press_centre/press_releases/industrial_products_news/optrafair_2015.aspx

ASPECT OF CONMTRACT Essay

Understanding the essential elements of a valid contract in a business context P1.1. Explain the importance of the essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract There are several important elements in order to form a valid contract. 1. Offer and Acceptance.- In order to create a valid contract , there must be a ‘lawfull offer ‘ by one party and ‘lawfull acceptance’ of the same by the other party 2. Intention to Create Legal Relationship- In case,there is not such intetion on the part of partyes, there is not contract. Agreements of social and domestic nature do not contemplate legal relations .Case ; Balfour vs Balfour (1919) 3. Lowfull Consideration. Consideration has been defined in various ways Acourding to Blackstone † Consideration is recompense given by the party contracting to another † in other words of Pollock† Consideration is the price for wich the promise of the another is brought †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.consideration is known as quid pro-quo or something in return 4. Capacity of Parties ;The parties to an agreement must be competent to contract. If either of the parties does not have the capacity to contract , the contract is not valid Accourding the following persons are incopetent to contract ; a -miners, b-persons of unsound mind c-person disqualifield by low to wich they ar subject 5. Lawfull Object.; The object of an agreement must be valid . Object has nothing to do with consideration it means to purpoase or design of the contract. This when one hires a house for use of a gambling house , the object of the contract is to run a gambling house 6. Legal formailities ; An oral Contract is a perfectly valid contract espect in those cases where writing registration etc,is required by some statute, in India writing is required in cases of sale, mortgage lease and gift on immovable propriety, negociable instrument etc 7. Certainity of Meaning; Acourding to Section 29; Agreement the meaning of wich is not Certain or capable of being made certain are avoid 8. Posibility of Performance; If the act is imposible in itselfe physically or legally if cannot be enforced at law. For example Mr A agrees with B to discover treasure by magic. SUCH agreements is not enforceable P1.2. Discuss the impact of different types of contract A contract is an agreement between two parties that must include an offer , an acceptance and a consideration .There are a variety of different types of contracts used for different purposes, in addition, certain types of contracts may be more popular in one jurisdiction than in another Bilateral and unilateral implied, viodable,executory and oral contractat are among the common types of contracts used throughout the world Bilateral contracts make up the majority of the contracts drafted. A bilateral contract consists of tho parties who are under an obligation to do something or refain from doing something. For example a contract for the sale of goods is a bilateral contract. The buyer promises to purchase the product and, in turn, the seller promises to supply the product P1.3. Analyse terms ic contract with reference to their meaning and effect The terms of an agreement may be so vague and indefinite that in reality there is no contract in existence at all. (Scammell v Quston (1941)). The presence of a vague term will not prove fatal in every case. The contract itself may provide any disputes about the operation of the agreement can be resolved. (Foley v Classique Ltd (1934)). A court can ascertain the terms of a contract by reference to a trade custom or a course of previous dealings between the parties. (Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd (1932)). A meaningless term which is subsidiary to the main agreement can be ignored and the rest of the contract enforced. (Nicolene Ltd v Simmonds (1953)). Express terms, are the details of a contract which have been specifically agreed between the parties. (Harling v Eddy (1951)). There are a number of express term that feature a standard contract such as exemption clauses, liquidated damages clauses and price variati on clauses. This terms can effect a contract. For example liquidated damages clause can affect the term in a contract, because it lays down the amount of damages that will be payable in the event of a breach of a contract. Cancelation charges are an example of a liquidated damages clause. Implied terms, represent addition terms that are implied into an agreement. Those can be by custom (Hutton v Warren (1836), by common low (The Moorcock (1889)), or by statute. The most common being the sale or supply of goods Act 1979. Be able to apply the elements of a contract in business situations P2.1. Apply the elements of contract in a given business scenarios In the business scenario 1, at an auction sale the call for bids by an auctioneer is an invitation to treat, the bids are offers. The auctioneer selects the highest bid and acceptance is completed by the fall of the hammer. (Payne v Cave (1789)). Advertising a forthcoming auction sale does not amount to an offer to hold it. (Harris v Nickerson (1873)). An offer can be revoked at any time before the acceptance but it will only be effective when the oferee learns about it, and it is not necessary that the oferor himself should tell the oferee that the offer has been revoked. (Dikinson v Dodds (1876)). The case study shows that the offeror was Montblanc auction and Harry, Miss Kaur the oferee shown the intention to bid for pen fountain at Montblanc auction, willing to travel to Manchester for it, and she also shown intention to buy pen fountain from Harry but she did not decided 100%, therefore, even though the offer was expre ssed to be open until after lunch break, such offer can be revoked before the end of the time limit, because Miss Kaur did not agreed with the offer. A promise to keep an offer open will be binding if it can be enforced as a separate contract. A legally binding option will be created if the oferee provides some consideration in return for the offeror’s promise to keep the offer open. (Mountford v Scott (1975)). In the case study, Miss Kaur could have paid a deposit in advance to make sure she could still have the pen fountain. Consideration was shown between Harry and Miss Kaur, and each side promise something to the other party. This was not the case with the Mountblanc Auction, even if the auction for the pen collection supposed to be open, the parties did not enter into a consideration. Intention, the low is not concern itself with purely domestic or social arrangements. The parties must have intended their agreement to have legal consequences. In the first case Mountblanc auction showed the intention to offer for bid the pen fountain, and this was mention in the list of items to be auctioned, but because of one or another reason this was cancelled. On the other hand Harry shown the intention to wait until after lunch for Miss Kaur, but because it wasn’t any written contract between them, he decided to sell his pen fountain with a better price of  £1000, breaching the informal contract that he had with Miss Kaur. In the context of contract low, Miss Kaur cannot take any action against the auctioneer for the expense of her travel to the auction and she cannot take any action to  Harry for not selling the fountain pen to her. Business scenario 1, shows that the agreement between Charles, owner of a house, and Murphy, who supposed to make renovation in the house by a set amount of money ( £50.000), at a specific date. Secondly, consideration is shown in the case study where both parties agreed to give something in return. Charles agreed to pay  £50.000 for the house renovation, and Murphy agreed with the sum initially. Intention, is shown when Murphy asked for an increase in salary in order for the job to be done in time, even if Charles agreed initially, than he turn his back on the offer that he made, respecting only the legal terms from the contract. In this situation Murphy can’t make any legal action against Charles. Capacity, in this case both parties where capable of fulfilling their commitments. Charles paying for the service, Murphy capable of doing the service. Genuineness of cons cent appeared between parties, when the initial contract was formed. Here was the time for Murphy to argue for an increase in salary, and not at a later date. Legality element of the contract is present, because it is nothing illegal or contrary to public policy. P2.2. Apply the law on terms in different contracts A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as an adhesion or boilerplate contract) is a contract between two parties, where the terms and conditions of the contract are set by one of the parties, and the other party has little or no ability to negotiate more favourable terms and is thus placed in a â€Å"take it or leave it† position. Examples of standard form contracts are insurance policies (where the insurer decides what it will and will not insure, and the language of the contract) and contracts with government agencies (where certain clauses must be included by law or regulation). For example MetLife insurance company, has the terms of the contract are contained in a written document, the parties will be quite clear about what they have agreed to and this is likely to minimise the possibility of disputes a later stage. For example MetLife can make a contract of a life cover with a minimum of  £7, in which the client would know the standard terms and condition stipu lated in the contract. It would be very time- consuming to negotiate individual terms with every customer, because the company is offering a standard service to a large number of people. Standard form, business-to-consumer contracts fulfil  an important efficiency role in the mass distribution of goods and services. These contracts have the potential to reduce transaction costs by eliminating the need to negotiate the many details of a contract for each instance a product is sold or a service is used. However, these contracts also have the ability to trick or abuse consumers because of the unequal bargaining power between the parties. For example, where a standard form contract is entered into between an ordinary consumer and the salesperson of a multinational corporation, the consumer typically is in no position to negotiate the standard terms. As example MetLife representative often does not have the authority to alter the terms, even if either side to the transaction were capable of understanding all the terms in the fine print. These contracts are typically drafted by corporate lawyers far away from where the underlying consumer and vendor transaction takes place. The danger of accepting unfair or unconscionable terms is greatest where these artful drafters of such contracts present consumers with attractive terms on the visible or â€Å"shopped† terms of most interest to consumers, such as price and quality, but then slip one-sided terms benefiting the seller into the less visible, fine print clauses least likely to be read or understood by consumers. For example a customer of MetLife can be assured for accident protection, but there are only a specific accident that the company may cover the client. In many cases, the consumer may not even see these contracts until the transaction has occurred. In some cases, the seller knows and takes advantage of the knowledge that consumers will not read or make decisions on these unfair terms.(Standard Form of Contracts, 2014). P2.3. Evaluate the effect of different terms in given contracts In the business scenario 4, terms stipulated in the contract are the payment for the research assistant ( £25000) and the working hours, witch in this case are â€Å"whatever hours are necessary to complete the assignments given to her†. Section 1 of Employment Rights Act 1996 that in fact requires the employer to state the amount of hours worked by the employee. Disciplinary procedures had to be insert in the terms of a contract, where, for example Miss Y had to receive a number of warnings that will be given to her before suspension or dismissal, for her behaviour of wearing trousers and not a dress, on the morning of 2nf June. Because of this terms of the contract, Miss Y can  appeal to grievance procedures that relate to complains in regard to any aspect of the employment with witch the employee is not satisfied. In this case dismissal for asserting the right is automatically unfair and there is no service requirements by reason of section 104 of the ERA 1996. (Riches, S. & Allen, V. 2011). Under the Employment Act 2002, Miss Y can claim compensation for unfair dismissal. She can also claim because of the Working Time Regulation (SI 1998/1833),where is stipulated that the employee has a maximum of 48 of work a week, a daily rest of period at least 11 consecutive hours in 24 hours, and in work rest break of 20 minutes for those working more them 6 hours daily. Miss Y, could also claim compensation and Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, if the court finds that she receives medical treatment for depression due to the employment environment. Understand principles of liability in negligence in business activities P3.1. Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability Tort liability arises out of a civil wrong, for example, people who do business, sole proprietor or in a partnership are liable for the torts committed by themselves and for torts committed in the course of the business by their agent and/or partners. However, one may avoid tort liability for the acts of business associates if they operate their business as a corporation or a limited liability company. Thus, the choice of entity is too perceived to have potential benefit if one is concerned about limiting one’s tort liability. Regardless of what type of business organization a person is liable for torts committed by himself, if for example he/ she is driving the company vehicle and are involved in an accident the other party is liable if he/she negligently operated the vehicle whether he/she operate as a corporation, partnership or sole proprietor. (Business Law, 2014). Contractual Liability, appears when a corporation or a limited liability company may protect one’s pe rsonal assets should the operator incur a significant contractual liability from the business operation. For example, a building contractor signs a contract to construct an office building for a business client and fails to meet the contractual deadline, the business client holds the contractor liable for consequential damages – profits lost for the time the client is not able to occupy the new building. Particularly in the construction area, contractual  liability may exceed simply the contract price. So long as one does not personally guarantee the contract of the business entity, his or her personal assets, assets owned outside the corporation or LLC, are protected as the corporate operator should not be personally liable for the corporate debts, contracts and contractual liabilities. Often, however, people dealing with corporations demand that the principals of the corporation personally guarantee the contracts. (Business Law, 2014). P3.2. Explain the nature of liability in negligence Liability of negligence appears when a claimant is able to prove that: â€Å"the defendant owed him a legal duty of care; the defendant was in breach of their duty; and the claimant suffered injury or loss as a result of the breach†. (Riches, S. & Allen, V. 2011:348). For example a producer of goods may be liable to a consumer for loss and damage caused by his defective product under the tort of negligence. A consumer must establish the manufacturer owed him a duty of care. In Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) case, House of Lords established the principles that a manufacturer was a duty of care to all persons who are likely to come into contact with his goods. The breach in duty occurs if the fallowing factors such as the like hood that the damage or injury will be incurred, the serious of any damage or injury, the cost and ease of taking precautions and the social need for the activity. (Balton v Stone (1951). In the final part the claimant has to prove that he suffered damage if this damage was caused by a negligent misstatement as in the case of Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller and Partners Ltd (1963), or it was consequent upon foreseeable physical injury or damage to property such in the case of Junior Brooks Ltd v Veitcho Co Ltd (1982). P3.3. Explain how a business can be vicariously liable Employers can be held vicariously liable for acts of negligence or omission on the part of their employees in the course of employment even if the employer did not authorise or was unaware of the acts in question. To mount a successful defence, an employer must demonstrate either that the employee was not negligent or that the employee was acting in an individual capacity unrelated to the business of the employer. In some circumstances employers may also be liable for the misdemeanours of their independent contractors or  workers employed by a third party, such as an agency. For example, this applies where the employer authorises the wrongful act or had overall responsibility that could not be delegated. For example an employee that works for a catering agency, who does wrong doing at one of the clients that the agency is sending him to work for, the agency can be responsible for. The main deciding factor as to which employer has the responsibility for a sub-contractor or agency worker is that of ‘control’. The employer who gives direction and instructions for the work to be conducted will usually be the one to bear responsibility for misdemeanours carried out during the course of that work. If more than one employer can be identified as having control over the work of the employee then the principle of dual vicarious liability may apply. This is a principle introduced by the decision of Lord Justice May in the recent case of Via systems (Tyneside) Limited v Thermal Transfer (Northern) Limited & Others. The case involved compensation for a flood at a factory which had been caused by the sub-contractor of a sub-contractor. In his ruling, Lord Justice May decided that more than one employer could be subject to a claim and that the amounts awarded should be split equal unless it could be clearly demonstrated that one party bore more of the responsibility than the other. This courageous decision overturned the principle established in Laugher v Pointer in 1826 that only one employer could be held vicariously liable. (Vicarious Liability, 2014). Be able to apply principles of liability in negligence in business situations P4.1. Apply the elements of the tort of negligence and defences in different business situations The tort of negligence is concern with certain kinds of careless conduct with cause damage or loss to others. As explain in task 3.2. There are three factors to consider. Firstly duty of care, if this duty is break and if the other party suffered any damages. In the Business Scenario 5 it is presented the fact that a UK ship was taking oil in Sydney harbour, spilling oil in the water, and because of a spark it set fire to a wharf witch was at 200 yards distance. The case also shows that safety precaution were taken but does not explain how. On the one hand, it can be argued therefore that the duty of care of the UK ship was broken, because the ship supposed to take more precautions on the duty of care and harm any neighbour. The defendant has break their duty of care  because the likelihood of an accident such as this could be foreseen. On the other hand, it can be argued that the defendant can claim â€Å"res ipsa loquitur†, witch mean that the facts spick for themselves, and it can be prove to court that the UK ship took enough safety precaution to avoid any accident, therefore the defendant would not be seen as negligent. The condition must be satisfied for res ipsa to come to play are in case of the event which caused the accident must have been the defendant’s control, witch in this case can be argued that it was, and the accident must be in such nature that it would not have occurred if proper care had been taken by the defendant, witch again could be argued that the ship took enough safety precaution. The damage that occur after this accident was that the claimant suffered damaged on his wharf, thereby he has to prove in court that this damages was made as a consequences of the UK ship actions in the harbour. In the case of Business Scenario 6, the negligence was made by Shell, because they had failed to provide protection goggles to Bell while he was working in spite of the fact that this was not a normal practice at the firm. Negligence was also made but the employee Bell, because firstly he supposed to protect himself especially because he had lost one eye, and he could have been more precaut. The breach of duty was made by Shell, because the job that Bell has implied vehicle maintenance, and while working with materials such as metals, the company should have provided protection for Bell under the Consumer Protection Act 1987. Bell, can therefore claim compensation for its employee negligence towards him, because he suffered injury while working at Shell Company. P4.2. Apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations Low states that an employer is liable for damage caused to another person by his employee, while the employee was caring out his work. The employer is liable even though he was not in any way at fault, and this rule even if seems to be unfair for the employer, it is based upon the law and policy. Employer and employee are regarded as â€Å"associated parties† in the business in which both are engaged. In the Business Scenario 7 and 8, Alf and Amos Bridge breach their contractual duties, therefore because they were acting at work, the employer is automatically consider guilty as well by the court. References: 1. Business Law, Available at: http://pullman-wa.com/law/businessLaw.htm, [Accessed on 12.03.2014]; 2. Riches, S.& Allen, V. (2011), Keenan and Riches’ BUSINESS LAW, 10th (ed), Pearson: London; 3. Standard form Contracts, Available at: http://faircontracts.org/what-are-standard-form-contracts, [Accessed on 15.03.2014]; 4. Vicarious Liability , Available at : http://www.uktrainingworldwide.com/BB/VicariousLiability.htm; [Accessed on 13.03.2014];

Comic Outline

Shays Rebellion brought debates over the constitution. People were fighting about Shays Rebellion because they were unhappy. They were unhappy because they believed they were not getting the freedoms they deserved. Shays Rebellion got Its name after a guy named Daniel Shay. He was a farmer who refused to pay taxes on his land because he believed he should not have to. So, when they came to take it away he put up a fight.Daniel Shay rebelling gave others the guts to stick up for what they wanted as well. This was being discussed In the court because people started to voice their disagreements with The Articles of Confederation since Daniel Shay did. Block 2-After Shays Rebellion This block shows where the next convention took place. There was obviously a problem with the articles. Originally the meeting was to fix the articles, but instead they created something completely different. Block 3-Articles of Confederation The third block represents the constitutional convention and people arguing about whether or not the U.S government should be ran on The Articles of Confederation. It was written so that the united States had rules to abide by and to finally have some of their own law In order. The Articles had many problems with It though, With It congress has no right to tax, they also had no power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce, there was no national court system, and several others. Block 4- Virginia Plan The fourth block Is showing representatives of Virginia coming up and having a plan that they believe will solve a ma]orally of the Issues.The purpose of the Virginia Plan was to protect the large states' interests in the new government. Many smaller states disagreed with this. Block 5-Virginia Plan Problems This block represents the problems with the Virginia Plan. Obviously the main Issue which all the delegates could tell right away was the unfair advantage the larger states got. They had this idea that every state would only have two representa tives which was not in the smaller states favor again. Block 6- New Jersey Plan The sixth block has delegates coming up to the stand to speak on behalf of the reports of the New Jersey Plan.In this block It also shows how Connecticut also had a plan yet it was ignored and was not even acknowledged. That is showed by the delegate representing the Connecticut Plan with his hand up yet not being acknowledged. The NJ Plan was brought up after the Virginia Plan, it was a way for the smaller states represent themselves and to also make sure that they got the liberties that they needed. Under the NJ Plan Congress had the power of setting and collecting taxes which some looked as good and others viewed as a negative.Block 7- Problems with the NJ Plan This block continues with the NJ Plan being discussed but people now are beginning to bring up the good and bad points on it, bad Including each state having the same number of representatives. Meaning a small group would have the same number a s 1 OFF possible to pass laws some laws that not all the people would agree with. Block 8- The Great Compromise The eighth block shows The Great Compromise finally being adopted after a week and a half and tons of discussion on July 16th.The Great compromise was a ambition of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan featuring the fact that none of them had enough good things about them for it to be adopted by itself. It can also be known as The Connecticut Plan because while coming up with it Connecticut finally got a voice. Block 9- How Great compromise led to the constitution Well first off it had a big impact on all states. They all agreed that they should have two senators and that they should have an equal amount of representatives. Which was a plus that they finally agreed on that because in both plans they had different opinions on that topic.When it was passed it brought hope and spirit to the people of the U. S. That hope helped to lead the idea of the Constitution. Block 10-The â€Å"Real Revolution† After The Great Compromise being accepted finally it solved several issues and allowed the states to finally have a government that seemed reliable. The Real Revolution was more than the War of Independence. It began before the war with Britain and it lasted until after due to the fact that it was a revolution worth fighting for. So, this block shows people getting along and agreeing happily for the first time in a long time.

Adult Prisons Essays - Criminology, Penology, Free Essays

Adult Prisons Essays - Criminology, Penology, Free Essays Adult Prisons Abstract A deep look into juveniles in adult prisons. Touch bases on several smaller issues that contribute to juveniles being in and effects of adult prisons. The United States Bureau of Prisons handles two hundred and thirty-nine juveniles and their average age is seventeen. Execution of juveniles, The United States is one of only six countries to execute juveniles. There are sixty-eight juveniles sitting on death row for crimes committed as juveniles. Forty-three of those inmates are minorities. People, who are too young to vote, drink alcohol, or drive are held to the same standard of responsibility as adults. In prisons, they argue that the juveniles become targets of older, more hardened criminals. Brian Stevenson, Director of the Alabama Capital Resource Center said, We have totally given up in the idea of reform of rehabilitation for the very young. We are basically saying we will throw those kids away. Leading To Prison Juvenile Justice Bulletin Report shows that two-thirds of juveniles apprehended for violent offenses were released or put on probation. Only slightly more than one-third of youths charged with homicide was transferred to adult criminal court. Little more than one out of every one hundred New York youths arrested for muggings, beatings, rape and murder ended up in a correctional institution. Another report showed a delinquent boy has to be arrested on average thirteen times before the court will act more restrictive than probation. Laws began changing as early as 1978 in New York to try juveniles over 12 who commit violent crimes as adults did. However, even since the laws changed only twenty percent of serious offenders served any time. The decision of whether to waive a juvenile to the adult or criminal court is made in a transfer hearing. The two major criteria for waiver are the age of the child and type of offense alleged in the petition. Some jurisdictions require the child to be over a certain age and charged with a felony, while others permit waiver if the child is over a certain age regardless of offense. Still yet, others have no conditions. Juveniles can be tried in all stated in one of three ways: 1. Concurrent Jurisdiction: the prosecutor has the discretion of filing charge offenses in either juvenile or criminal court. 2. Excluded offenses: the legislature excludes from juvenile court jurisdiction certain offenses that are either very minor, such as traffic or fishing violations, or very serious, such as murder or rape. 3. Judicial waiver: the juvenile court waives its jurisdiction and transfers the case to criminal court. Barry Feld, Juvenile Law Scholar, suggests that waivers to adult court be mandatory for serious crimes. Those espousing the crime control model believe that the overriding purpose is protection of the public, deterrence or violent juvenile behavior, and the incarceration of serious youthful offenders in the adult criminal justice system. The rehabilitative justice model view this as an attack on the juvenile justice system, but crime control advocates consider such steps a necessary response to a rising juvenile violence rate. Life in Adult Prison The Southwest Multi County Corrections Center, a two-story adult jail is the largest maximum-security program for juveniles under federal authority. The BOP pays $99.80 a day for each juvenile. About half of the juveniles are over two hundred and fifty miles from home. Distance is on the main criticisms of putting juveniles in the BOP system. Most experts agree that for rehabilitation to succeed, families of jailed youths should be involved in their therapy and lives. Larry Beredtro, President of Reclaiming Youth International, address Obviously, the government needs to cease using nonregional placement for kids. My concern has been with the issue of the federal government placing kids hundreds or thousands of miles away from home. The facility Director Norbert Sickler says the facility helps pay travel expenses for some families and offers free accommodations in the area. We do encourage the kids to keep family connections both by writing and telephone also. The BOP does plan to hou se all federal juveniles within two hundred and fifty miles of their homes by fiscal year 2000. Staff attorney for the Youth Law Center says even that might not be good enough. He stresses the point that no strong after-care programs are set