Michel de Montaigne Essays

Michel de Montaigne Essays Michel de Montaigne Essay Michel de Montaigne Essay Throughout his career working as a philosopher, Montages writing developed into something more personal. His works began to examine the world through his own perspective, particularly, in his three books, the Essays, written between the periods of 1570- 1592. The word, assai in French means trial or attempt. Thus, Montages writing attempted to explore his personal thoughts in order to explain the nature of the human mind and body. It is through his intellectual thought process of looking within the self that he is considered the father of Modern Skepticism. In Book 1, Chapter 21 of his Essays, Imitation recalls the tale of Marie/ German, a female who grew a penis. The story of Marie/German challenges the readers mind in identifying the absolute division between what categorizes someone as male and female. The Oxford English Dictionary defines sex as different to gender. In the sense, sex tends to refer to biological differences, while Gender refers to cultural and socially constructed roles, behaviors and activities. 1 However, Imitation challenges societies presupposed definitions between sex and gender. In the case of Marie/ German, Imitation defines hermaphrodite by suggesting that the imagination results in the transformation into the opposite gender. In other words, a woman can become a man by fixating on forms of masculinity. Therefore to Imitation, sex and gender is generated through the mind; the power of imagination and desire affirms how gender was understood as a state of mind throughout the Renaissance. In the Essays Imitation recalls the story of Marie/German while traveling through Vitro-IEEE-Franà §ois, France. He explains, I was able to see a man to whom the Bishop of Sessions had even the name of German at his confirmation: until the age of twenty-two he had been known by sight to all the townsfolk as a girl named Marie. He was then an old man with a full beard; he remained unmarried. He said that he had been straining to jump when his male organs appeared. It is not surprising tat this sort Of occurrence happens frequently. For if the imagination does have any power in such matters, in so girls it dwells so constantly and so forcefully on sex that it can Ore easily make that male organ a part of their bodies. 2 The story of Marie/German describes a girl who had reached puberty, and while jumping over a ditch she suddenly found that she had possessed a penis. 3 When Marie told her mother what had happened to her they consult surgeons and doctors to analyze her transformation. 4 The doctors and surgeons agreed that Marie had become a boy. So, she was brought to the towns local bishop where she was given a new male name, German. Galenas work, On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body, reflects the transformation of Marie/German from a girl to a boy. The physician single sex theory explains that women have as much hidden inside the body as men have exposed on the outside of their bodies-5 For this reason, Galenas theory further suggests that due to the lack of bodily heat, the female is less perfect than the male. Moreover, he explains that the animal (male) that contains more bodily heat more active and as a result more perfect. 6 Therefore, the reason why the female retains an inverted version of the male organs inside her body is because she is colder. However, due to the physical movement of Marie jumping across the ditch, the jumping produced excesses heat resulting in the transformation from girl to boy. Richard L. Regression explains hat the same sex theory is based on a physiological difference of sex determined through the location of the genitals. 7 However, Galenas single sex theory is also culturally motivated; the conception of the location of genitals On the body reflects a hierarchy Of gender differences between sexes-8 Ambrose Par explains this hierarchy by suggesting that sex-change is possible for a woman to become a man, it was not possible for a man to be a woman. Nature always tends towards that which was most perfect, and it is male that is most perfect. 9 It is for this reason that men are more perfect Han females. Furthermore, Par insists that women should be excused for trying to be men because they are just aspiring to reach absolute perfection, which is to become male. In Montages account of Marie/German gender is a state of mind; a state of mind that through imagination a sex change can occur. So, when Marie acted like a boy by jumping across the ditch her body punished her through the growth of the male organ. In this way, sex change is a consequence of thinking differently by imagining yourself as the opposite sex. Therefore, Montages idea of hermaphrodite and sex change is pendent upon the ways in which society codes gender roles-10 Thus, Marie/ German functions as an example of how sex is an agent to societal and cultural ideals. Montages story of Marie/German links imagination to gender. Specifically, imagination is a bridge between the mind and the body; it gives the mind awareness of the physical world, generating a perspective. 1 Therefore, gender is formative, especially in the case of Marie/German, because in order to become a male Marie had to act like a boy. Judith Butler explores the subject of gender as formative in her article, Bodily Inscriptions, Formative Subversion. Specifically, Butler challenges the progress of gender performance as an affect of gender identity. She believes that sex is a social construct, and gender is determined through the perception of the body. 12 Therefore, the idea of performance in gender is based on actions. Actions construct gender for the reason that gender is something that does not come naturally; rather, it is culturally imposed. Accordingly, Marie/Germans knowledge of what it meant to be male is what affects her transformation into a man. It is through the force of her manly imagination that Marie/German suffers the repercussions of growing a penis. Therefore, sexual transformation is linked to the mind; it is the performance of acting in a way that applies to a specific gender that links the mind to the body, creating actions and behaviors that suit cultural norms. This is why Marie/Germans imagination resulted in a consequential bodily change. Anatomical changes cannot only occur in acting like a boy but also in the mind through a state of desire. In the case of Marie/German, Imitation suggests that the tale is essentially a male trapped in a female?s body. He proposes hat the only way to control the other within the body is to give, in this case a woman, a penis as a way to regulate their desire and thereby obliterate discrepancy between gender and sex. 13 Therefore, desire in this case, is a force to imagination. For without the feeling of desire we cannot imagine. In Pargs version of Marie/German, he suggests that the females imagination is generated through the desires to produce monstrous offspring. However, this draws away from the idea of imagination entirely. On the other hand, Montages case of the hermaphrodite is strictly concerned with the tension twine the physical reality of the female body and her desire to be a man. Thus, women are moved by the their desires. It was Marie/Germans desire to become a male that resulted in her vigorous jump over the ditch and her transformation into a male. Michel De Montages story of Marie/ German explains that acting like a boy could produce anatomical changes throughout the Renaissance. It is through desire, imagination and ultimately performance that forces anatomical changes to the body. For Marie to think and act like a boy at such a young age, she transformed her body and grew a penis. Marie/ Germans case is an example of how hermaphrodite is still considered an ambiguous gender. This ambiguity is problematic because it is society that needs people to be gendered. Therefore, gender is an identity that is constructed in time.

MF Global Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MF Global - Research Paper Example The executives by the end of that month made it official that over 700 million USD had been transferred. They, however, could not pay back this capital with their revenue making it plummet into more debt. At the end of the liquidation period, customers of MF Global made losses that totalled over 1.6 billion dollars, and a majority have not received their funds till today. Difference between conducting fraud and financial audit Audits are done to ensure the smooth running of operations. They may be done after some time as per the organization’s request, as in the case of financial auditing. Furthermore, they may be arbitrary and without warning, as in the case of fraud auditing. There are different types of audits, carried out for different purposes. There are reasons that surround each of these audits. One main reason is the accuracy of financial information in the organization. This is one reason why financial audits are carried out, and they can be done by a qualified, indep endent party or government unit. Fraud auditing is often done to discover some of the hidden figures in the financial data of an organization (Hagan, 2012). This means that, outside parties may be brought in to conduct a fraud audit, but internal auditors of an organization may be responsible for financial auditing. ... If there is the confirmation of fraud, serious legal ramifications may result (Hagan, 2012). There must be a level of responsibility for the auditing firm in both cases. If there are any financial discrepancies in the financial departments or operations, it is up to them to disclose this information. This may lead to the saving of capital that would have otherwise been lost in data. Fraud auditing may need a little more time and effort to identify what information may be missing that is crucial in the financial docket. A code of ethics needs to guide all the parties involved to ensure their tasks are carried out accordingly. The obligation of corporate CEOs to shareholders and employees about the firm’s financial activity The growth of an organization means that the CEO may have a daunting task of keeping an eye on everything that goes on in the firm. They must delegate some of the duties to subordinates. This helps in ensuring that there is a chain of command that is followed before getting to the top. However, they may not have full control over what subordinates may do, so it is up to them to ensure all matters relating to the financial sectors of the firm are reported directly to them. The shareholders of the organization are the most crucial part of the firm. CEO’s should be the voice of the organization and any financial activity going on should be reported to the people involved (Hagan, 2012). The CEO needs to tell the shareholders of the people in charge of the activities, and what they need to do if they have any complaints or suggestions. As CEO, it is one’s job to understand what goes on in the firm in

External and Internal Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

External and Internal Environments - Essay Example ..6 i. Competitive Rivalry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 ii. Power of Suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Recommendations for the Forces of Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 External Threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Strengths and Weaknesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Resources, capabilities and core competences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Background Information Waste Management incorporation is one of the largest waste disposal firms in the United States and the world. This company has many subsidiaries in different countries across the world. Arguably, this company serves more than 2.5 million organizations and 26 million residents in Canada and the United States. This company has segmented its geographic environment into five regions, which include the Southern, Eastern, Western and Midwestern United States and Canada. The company recycles the waste products and also uses it to generate energy (Waste Management, 2012). The company provides waste gathering, transportation, and reprocessing and disposal services. Waste Management incorporation carries on its activities as the world leader in waste man agement that range from medical and solid waste to extremely poisonous chemical waste. This organization has in the past been experiencing growth and increase in stock prices at healthy rates (Waste Management, 2012). The General Environment A firm’s environment consists of aspects that the firm can readily influence as well as aspects that are distant from its influence (Hitt et al, 2011). The general environment relies on the external environment of business. The general environment consists of factors that have dramatic effects on firm strategy. In essence, organizations have little capacity to forecast trends and events in the general environment and even less capacity to control them (Longenecker, 2005). The general environment consists of the demographic segment, technological segment, political and legal segment, environmental segment, and the social factors segment. Waste Management Incorporation operations have been profoundly influenced by the political and legal en vironment and the economic environment (Waste Management, 2012). i. Political and legal Environment The political environment of many nations directly influences the operations of Waste Management Incorporation. Since this company disposes waste that drift from normal consumer refuse to toxic industrial waste, drafting and implementation of new legislations concerning the industry can have a severe economic effect on the organization’s outcome. The United States government has implemented laws and regulations that influence this company (Waste Management, 2012). The United States government has enacted many public, occupational and environmental health and safety associated acts that have impacts on waste disposal industry in the nation. The Solid Waste Disposal Act together with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 are acts which transformed the industry of Waste Management Incorporation to the present state. Many organizations had to change and adapt to the new gu idelines (Waste Management, 2012). In addition, the management of perilous waste was stipulated in Comprehensive

Etrade Baby Essay Example for Free

Etrade Baby Essay A Talking Infant, Financial Systems, Golf What do a talking baby, stock markets, and golf all have in common? Nothing, right? Wrong. E*Trade – a popular public online financial services group – uses all three of these entities to create a commercial that has had people talking for years. When the commercial is over, you are left in shock at what you just saw, a baby in a high-chair talking about the stock market. But will the ad’s weirdness produce sales of the company’s program for years to come as well? Or just make it a highly talked about YouTube video? To the contrary, E*Trade does a professional job in conveying its message of simplicity to â€Å"average Joes† who are looking to either become day traders, start a retirement fund, or even banking. E*Trade’s main audience is not a person with a net worth or five million dollars. E*Trade is looking to sell their product to â€Å"average joe† type clients. It can be assumed this because E*Trade uses the financial term â€Å"401k† in their commercial; this is the most popular tax investment form everyone has. The main character of the commercial is â€Å"The E*Trade Baby,† but there’s a catch, the baby speaks with a mature older man’s voice. This adds a sense of weirdness to the commercial right off the bat. One may question the validity of a company whose commercials star a talking baby, but this is a clever marketing approach because if people see a talking baby, something they don’t see every day, they will immediately become engaged in the commercial. E*Trade uses a baby as a symbol for inexperience, simplicity and an older man’s voice for knowledge. E*Trade wants to show the audience that if a baby can you use the program, so can the audience. They also want to show knowledge, that E*Trade is a reliable and trusted company, so they use the voice of an older man to portray legitimacy. E*Trade wants to declare that â€Å"Yes, this is a legit company and yes, we’re simple to use,† so a talking baby fits in perfectly to both categories. Just like the Old Spice commercials talked about in class, the E*Trade Baby ads have many spinoffs with numerous situations the baby is in. The commercial I am focusing on is set in a golf country club locker room. The ad starts off with the baby talking to a man named Frank. The baby says â€Å"Ah, this is weak, man. Frank’s trying to not pay me my winnings for the skins beat down I just issued him. † The baby has now caught the attention of the audience with this opening line because people are drawn into the weirdness of a talking baby in the commercial. Now when he starts to talk about finance and what the company actually does, viewers will be already engaged. Not only does the talking baby raise questions that attract us to this ad, but there are many other. For instance, why is a baby playing golf with old man? And why is there a computer in the locker room of a country golf club? All All these questions have no answers but it draws us into the commercial and makes us connected to it, hopefully throughout the commercial we will find answers to these questions, but in this case we do not. E*Trade’s goal is to get a lot of publicity and attention with their commercials while providing us with the smallest amount of information. This is because E*Trade wants people to inquire about the company and have them visit E*Trade’s website us. etrade. com. Once on the website, people will be impressed by the fancy website that proves it is a legitimate company, and lured into signing up for an account The baby says â€Å"His (Frank) 401k’s tankin. Ya gotta grab the reins man. Get E*Trade, do some analytics, do some research (into the stock market), and take charge so I don’t have to subsidize your lack of skills. † There’s actually a lot of information about the company and its message all in that little saying. The E*Trade baby uses a clever balance a financial terms and jokes to put the viewer in an informal setting while talking about a big decision a person must make. E*Trade is not an elite company for only the â€Å"one-percenters† to use. E*Trade’s goal is to get skilled and novice users with just a little amount of money to open an accountant. Using the term 401k is strategically brilliant because everyone who works for a company most likely has one. E*Trade could have used any tax form number, but chose the most popular one to relate to the most people and with the current economy, it’s probably on the minds of most people right now. When the baby says, â€Å"Do some analytics, do some research, and take charge,† he is describing the job of the novice investor. The baby is now describing that when using the E*Trade software, you are able to look at analytical charts and graphs, read news articles and research about potential stock purchases and basically to take charge of your life. E*Trade does not buy and sell stock for you; you have to do it yourself. You are in control of the future and E*Trade presents the question â€Å"What are you going to do to prepare yourself for it? † It’s hard to tell whom is the exact audience E*Trade is trying to promote itself to, but assumptions can be made. Since it is a golf setting in a country club, they are focusing on males anywhere from 20s to 60s (the general range of persons with a 401k). E*Trade did a good job picking a wide range of ages with this advertisement, which is what makes it such a good ad! Since the ad is set in a country club locker room, E*Trade is also advertising to a certain class of people I believe: well educated men who know a think about finance and who play golf. Golf is an expensive sport. I think if you have money to play golf you would be interested and would know the benefits of investing. But are they also advertising to a whole inclusive audience with a cute baby to grab the attentions of mothers and grandmothers? Only the directions and producers know that answer. You can have a good commercial, the best commercial ever known to man. But if you don’t have the right exposure no one will see it. E*Trade played this commercial before and after Superbowl XLII on February 1, 2009. Back to what was said before on the age of the audience, 20s to 60s. That basically sums up the audience of the Superbowl as well; perfect. E*Trade picked the most opportune time to run this commercial and not only reaches its projected audience, but all 90 some odd million people that tune in each year to watch the game, and the commercials. Another part of the commercial that is important to take into consideration is the point of view in which we view the commercial. Since the program E*Trade is used on a computer, the great minds behind this commercial put the camera where a usually webcam should be. This is to provide a visual of where the user of E*Trade’s product will be using the product. This is brilliant because now we see the baby sitting in a chair in front of the computer using a keyboard and a mouse, in the same spot where we would use the program was well. The E*Trade Baby Commercial is trying to sell to their audience a financial services program available to download on the computer. E*Trade does a good job in getting the attention of its viewer and making a hard subject of finance fun and entertaining. E*Trade describes everything that their company’s mission statement says that they are, â€Å"A financial services ompany that is simple to use. Designed with the user in mind. † There is no doubt in my mind that this commercial will go down as a classic and will have people talking about the â€Å"E*Trade baby† for years to come. To respond to the question previously stated in the beginning of this paper. Even though this commercial will be popular for years to come, will the ad produce sales of the company’s program for years to c ome as well? It turns out, no. When a person is looking to invest in money, they normally look for a company that is well-reputable and well-respected. Humor is no doubt, un-debatable, a marketing tool to grab the attention of a viewer, but humor in advertising is very hard to pull off because you simply never know what people will laugh out. Some think it funny, others think it’s not. In order for a commercial to use humor, the company should be trying to sell humor. Clearly E*Trade does not sell humor.. Instead of a talking baby to grab the audience’s attention and provide a laugh, E*Trade should create a well-informative commercial that captures the audience’s attention and show how one can benefit from using E*Trade.

The Time Machine Essay -- essays research papers

The main characters in The Time Machine were The Time Traveler, Weena (an Eloi who The Time Traveler rescued), the Eloi as a race and the Morlocks as a race. Now that you know the main characters, I will explain their purpose in the novel and their behaviors. Weena was by far the most interesting character in the novel. She was an Eloi who was drowning while trying to bathe in a river. The Time Traveler quickly jumped into the river and rescued her. Weena then started following The Time Traveler everywhere during his explorations. He learned about the Eloi people and their language and the Morlocks from Weena. The Time Traveler was definitely intelligent. He figured out a way to travel through time! He was also a very charming, rich and friendly man, a little too anxious and curious, I would say. His anxiousness made him go to another time unprepared, nothing with him but a package of matches. The Morlocks are a futuristic equivalent to our current day primates-just uglier, smellier and they live underground. They are very aggressive and are blinded by even weak sources of light. The Morlocks are carnivorous and sometimes make a meal of an Eloi. The Eloi are a beautiful, friendly and fragile race of small creatures. They seem to have a great fear of the dark, because that is when the Morlocks come out from their Underworld. Both are descendents of humans. The Morlocks stole The Time Machine (I think) to lure The Time Traveler into the brass gates so they co...

“Rainbow’s End” by Jane Harrison Essay

The instinctive need for humanity to belong is through acceptance of one through relationships and their social status in society. When an individual seeks acceptance in the wider world in order to belong, it is up to them as to whether or not they are accepting of others. This idea is challenged as society is the boundary preventing an individual from trying to belong. This notion is expressed throughout the play Rainbows End by Jane Harrison and the film The Sapphires directed by Wayne Blair. Whereby both composers use various techniques to explore the belief that one seeks to belong through relationships and culture. An individual may feel that to truly belong they must discard all differing thoughts. In a way finding a way to be accepted is the focal point of belonging. This idea is demonstrated in the play Rainbows End, in the â€Å"Waters rising† scene whereby the audience is under the impression that an individual seeks to belong through acceptance within a relationship . Further In the scene, we see Errol asking Dolly to move into the city with him, through the exchange of dialogue between Errol and Dolly. Errol says â€Å"I want you to come away with me† with dolly responding â€Å"Away?† and Errol â€Å"Yes to the city†. Through the use of a demanding tone in Errol’s voice â€Å"I want you† indicates Errol is able to offer a better life for dolly. Symbolising the idea that acceptance in a relationship can make one feel as though they belong, to the point where they can live together as one. As a result, the viewers can understand that both Errol and Dolly are accepting of each other and the different worlds they come from. In a similar way, Wayne Blair explores the idea that a sense of belonging can emerge where there is a perception of acceptance without limitations. This is illustrated in the film The Sapphires whereby Dave is accepted into Gail’s family and asks her parents for her hand in marriage, the humorous dialogue between Gail and Dave and Gail’s father saying â€Å"Marriage eh? That’s fine I suppose but you’ll have to learn about ceremonial law†¦spears and duck under boondies†¦want to go shooting?† As a result of the choices taken upon by Dave and Gail it has led them to marriage. Emphasizing on the idea that there are no limitations as to how far Gail can go with her relationship with Dave. As a result being accepted without limitations brings about personal satisfaction that is both Dave and Gail feeling a sense of belonging to each  other. In another manner, Jane Harrison challenges the idea that no matter how far one goes to be accepted in order to feel they belong. It does not always bring personal satisfaction. This is illustrated further on in the â€Å"Queens’s visit† scene where Gladys comes home disappointed as she didn’t get the chance to see the queen. This is highlighted in â€Å"if they’d given us proper houses†¦ but hessian! Like a band aid over a sore†, through the use of an angry tone, the audience can depict the desperate measures Gladys has gone to that is the white gloves and dressing up to look presentable did not bring personal satisfaction due to her address, cultural background and socio-economic background. This is further exemplified in the connotations of an exclamation mark in â€Å"but hessian!† indicates Gladys’ furiousness. Furthermore, through the use of a simile in â€Å"Like a band aid over a sore† specifies the aboriginal community is the sore that needs covering up, which is done by the hessian. In a similar way ones social status can be challenged if they are from two worlds. This is evident in the scene whereby Gail and Cynthia interrupt Kay’s Tupperware party with her â€Å"white† friends. Through the use of costuming the audience can see Kay has adopted the fashion of the white community. This is evident in the use of a close-up shot on facial expressions of the four women, disgust verse embarrassment. Gail looking in disgust and Kay in embarrassment, highlights Kay’s social status is important to her as it makes her feel as though she belongs. In this case Kay belonging to the Australian society, which is predominantly â€Å"White†. In conclusion, the instinctive need for humanity to belong through relationships and social status can affect the choices individuals make and direct their actions. This notion is challenged throughout the play Rainbows End and the film the sapphires whereby the need to belong is through acceptance of others in relationships and social status, although may not always bring about personal satisfaction to the individual trying to belong, it can also bring disappointment. 2. Into the World The French Prisoner by Janos Pilinszky and The survivor by Tadeusz Rozewicz Entering new worlds may be easy for one to do, although it is the memories held within the past that can have ripple effects on an individual’s future. It is the actions  undertaken by the individual in the past that can affect them mentally and psychologically. This notion is presented in the poems The French Prisoner by Janos Pilinszky and The Survivor by Tadeusz Rozewicz. Whereby both composers have used various techniques to illustrate the idea that memories in the past can leave a feeling of guilt and remorse on an individual’s future, especially when trying to enter new phases in life. Past experiences depicts how one lives their life in the future, it is up to the individual as to whether or not they can move on. This view is illustrated in the poem The French Prisoner whereby the persona is reliving the memory he has of the French prisoner. In the use of Binary opposites â€Å"Joy and revulsion the same as happy and unhappy†. Emphasizes the personas loss of control of himself as a person due to a guilt-ridden memory he has of the French prisoner that is not helping him escape when he had the chance. This is further highlighted in the use of disturbing imagery in â€Å"the bare palm that crammed at his mouth, and clung there so that it ate, too† shows the viewers of the desperation of the dehumanised prisoner eating like an animal. As a result of this memory the persona, has become mentally unstable to the point where it’s almost as if he is the French prisoner reliving this guilt. In a similar manner, Tadeusz Rozewicz has explored in a similar way that recollections from previous events can impact one physically. As one tries to enter into a new journey of self-discovery it may be difficult to do so if there is a constant reminder of events that happened in the past, stopping them from doing so. This is evident in stanza one through the use of violent imagery in the connotations of â€Å"led to slaughter† illustrates the pain and suffering they had gone through, as a result of this not being able to move on into a new life in the future. This is further revealed in â€Å"I survived† meaning he physically made it out of such horrifying events. Furthermore, through the use of binary opposites â€Å"man and beast, love and hate, friend and foe† tells the audience how mentally disturbed he is that he cannot tell the difference between synonyms and antonyms. As a result of this, the trauma the persona had gone through personally within the past shape how they live they’re life in the future. This is illustrated in the distorted reality in â€Å"virtue and crime weigh the same† indicates the views of the world from his eyes are inaccurate due to witnessing the horrific events of war. In conclusion, an individual trying to move into a new  journey of self-discovery may find it difficult to do so especially when they have horrific recalls of the past. This concept is carried throughout the poems The French Prisoner by J.P and The Survivor by T.R. Where both composers emphasize that moving into new phases is not easy and takes time to adjust to it, physically and mentally especially when the persona is carrying a sense of guilt and remorse.

Battered Woman Syndrome Self-Defense Plea Essay - 1493 Words

There are many cases where self- defense has been used as a plea where the victim felt they were in harms’ way or unable to escape a specific situation that ended badly. The definition for self- defense is: 1. Defense of oneself when physically attacked 2. Defense of what belongs to oneself, as ones work or reputation 3. (Law) the right to protect oneself against violence or threatened violence with whatever force or means reasonable or necessary. According to an expert on battered women, a woman must experience at least two complete battering cycles before being labeled a battered woman. (Walker) According to Dowd, â€Å"he believes the proper use of BWS assists the fact finder to understand the state of mind of the battered woman at the time†¦show more content†¦Given, there is no true way to diagnose battered woman syndrome. It is a name given by a doctor who has encountered several women facing problems due to abuse in their homes. A woman facing chronic abuse wo uld be safer using a PTSD plea. â€Å"This is not to say that a woman cannot be assessed for medical signs of physical trauma, however these physical signs are non-definitive of BWS, and could have occurred at any given moment.† (Dixon) There are several arguments that BWS does not exist. Some try to use BWS as a mental illness or an insanity plea. Clinical expertise use specific signs and symptoms to verify situations of abuse. These same signs and symptoms are visible in many given situations and not only those pertaining to BWS. In a study done on learned helplessness there was no sudden rage or aggression from the caged animals. So, why do these women claim that their helplessness caused them to harm another. â€Å"Further, and more importantly, there has never been any experiment demonstrating the phenomenon of learned helplessness in human beings. So, the entire argument for learned helplessness in battered women is pure conjecture, without any empirical support.† (Dixon) Society cannot sit here and say that all women who are in abusive relationships suffer from BWS. This is a syndrome a woman acquires after many traumatizing experiences happen in her life. There was a study done by Martin Seligman on learned helplessness.Show MoreRelatedBattered Women’s Syndrome Plea and a Defendants Financial Dependence: Evaluating Legal Decisions1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhen battered woman’s syndrome has been used as a plea of self-defense, especially in cases of homicide, it has highly been scrutinized. According to recent research, characteristics associated with the syndrome form a standard that jurors use to judge battered women. This study would evaluate how characteristics of a defendant would affect a juror’s legal decision-making, in a case of a woman pleading not guilty under terms of self-defense, who were suffering from battered woman’s syndrome. ToRead MoreUse of the Battered Woman Defense in Canada1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe battered woman defense is a defense that is used in court to defend assault/murder charges where the defendant is abused and commits a offence under duress or necessity. It is mainly used by women and also referred to as the battered woman syndrome/battered wife syndrome. It is not gender specific as men have used this defense but the majority of the accused are female. The argument consists of a woman who are physically assaulted or sexually assaulted, who in their mind thinks they deserveRead MoreBattered Wife Syndrome1487 Words   |  6 Pagesillogical. 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Although Arias does meet the criteria for a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder, it is my assertion that there is a high likelihoodRead MoreThe Defense Of Self Defense2298 Words   |  10 PagesSelf-Defense: The self-defense claim has been around for many years and has been categorized in the courts as an excuse or justification. One of the rarely considered premises of the excuse/justification debate is that defenses are naturally unified. (Nourse V F, 2001). Depending on the individual cases self-defense might turn out to be both an excuse and a justification. If this is accurate then the debate on excuses and justifications does not solve the problem of the theory of necessity orRead MorePlea Bargains In Canadian Law ~ Karla Homolka3099 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ A plea bargain is a negotiation between the defendant and their attorney on one side, and the crown prosecutor on the other side. 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