A Comparison between Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and James Joyce’s Araby

One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich by Aleksander Solyztien is story of a hero’s quest of survival in a hostile environment. The novel is a very detailed and graphic description of one man’s struggle in a Stalinist work camp. It is the story of Ivan Denisovich, also called Shukhov, and his determination and strength to endure the hardships of imprisonment and dehumanization. The story takes place in a Russian prison camp after World War II. Ivan Shukhov Denisovich, the main character, is sentenced to a prison camp after having been a prisoner of the Germans during the war.The camp conveys a hopeless situation that only human integrity can overcome. : Araby by James Joyce is a romantic quest about a young boy who falls in love and pursues his quest of bringing something for his loved one from a place he thinks to be exotic and unexplored. On comparing these two literary works, there are some similarities as well as differences. Even though both the literary works are different kinds of quest, One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich being a survival quest and Araby being a romantic quest, both bear similar elements that define a quest.Firstly, the protagonists in both literary works are heroes and exceptional beings who have struggled courageously. Secondly the protagonists undergo through the process of mental transformation and death and rebirth of self. The only difference is that One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich is a dull and depressing novel about a prisoner who struggles to survive whole Araby is refreshing and joyous story about an innocent child’s first love. Both literary works bear some similar quest elements and also differences. The essential element of a quest is the hero and his conflict.Heroes are those who have found or done something beyond the normal range of experience and it takes action for a cause greater than oneself and are motivated by some kind of ideal or a reasonable thought. This element is apparent in bot h works. Firstly, Ivan Desinovich can be called a hero as who has survived for many years in the camp or gulag without losing mental balance and self respect. This is an unusual achievement as it is difficult to preserve sense of humanity and self-dignity which Shukhov has achieved, unlike others who have become savage.Such was Shukhov’s sense of pride and self-respect who would â€Å"never lower himself like that Fetiukov, he would never look at a man’s mouth. †(p 22) Secondly, the protagonist of Araby is a kid who falls in love with a girl and desires to explore the exotic location called Araby. This is also an unusual thing as this is the first the protagonist goes to a journey without any past experience and imagines the place to be really exotic and having a magical enchantment.This is evident when the protagonist expresses his feelings and imagination by saying, â€Å"The syllables of the word Araby were called to me through the silence in which my soul l uxuriated and cast an Eastern enchantment over me. †Thirdly, the protagonists in both the novels are motivated in a certain way. For Shukov, this motivation was the need to go home and help the family as the narrator says â€Å"His wife's dearest hope was that when he got home he would keep clear of the kolkhoz and take up dyeing himself.That way they could get out of the poverty she was struggling against, send their children to trade schools, and build themselves a new cottage in place of their old tumble-down place†( pg 129). The child in Araby however, is strongly movitated by promise he made to his loved one to bring something and is greatly enthusiastic when the author says â€Å"I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me child's play, ugly monotonous child's play. † Another element of a quest is that the hero undergoes mental transformation.In this process, the old ideas and think ing of the hero disintegrates and he begins to view life with a new perspective. This process helps the character heavily in maturing him/her. The protagonists of the two literary works also find themselves changed and possessing a new attitude. Firstly, Ivan Desinovich change of the habit of planning ahead is indicated when the narrator says During the years in prison Shukhov had lost the habit of planning for the next day, for a year ahead, for supporting his family.The authorities did his thinking for him about everything—it was somehow easier that way† (pg 122). Secondly, in the narrative Araby, a small child’s innocence and love is killed and replaced by vanity, anguish and anger. The innocent child who imagines sweet day dreams about love surprisingly says â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger. In this way the reader can see that both the protagonists go through the process of mental transformation where their premature ideas about love, old notions and opinions are replaced with more mature conclusions and realistic as well as a serious perspective for life. Differences also exist as far as the plot and the mood of the works are concerned. Although these literary works contain similar quest qualities, there are some differences that draw a line between the two.Firslty Even though the novel One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich gives the readers a strong message about preserving self dignity, it remains a dull and depressing novel whereas Araby generates a healthy response and attitude from readers as it contains innocent and lively story about a child’s first love which the readers also identify with. One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich is a dull novel because it makes the readers aware of the physical and mental tortures on prisoners. Secondly, Araby gives the readers a happy impression with the theme of love of a young boy.The audience identify with the condition and the protagonist’s idealization about the lover and this keeps them indulged in the story which is completely contradictory with the theme of a prisoner’s life where the reader is faced with a complete alien as well as a cruel environment. Thirdly, In Ivan desinoich, the author uses characterization, motifs and figurative language to express the dehumazing environment of the gulag whereas in Araby, the author uses personification and characterization to show the contrasting happy and flowering mood.In One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich the author uses motifs of evil by institutions such as â€Å"Come on; paw me as hard as you like. There’s nothing but my soul in my chest. † Pg 25 and â€Å"‘No one would care if a prisoner froze to death, but what if he tried to escape? † Pg 38 and also charactherization such as ‘all his longing was concentrated in that fag-end [of the cigarette] –which meant more to him now, it seemed, than freedom itself: but he would never lower himself like that Fetiukov, he would never look at a man’s mouth’ Pg 22.In Araby, however the author James Joyce uses personification such as â€Å"My body was like a harp and her words and gestures were the fingers (pg 182 1st para last line)† trying to show the reader the happy mood and idealization by the protagonist. Thus differences result in the different moods of the novel. Both the literary works thus follow the direction of a hero’s quest. Even though both follow different type of quests, there are some general similar quest elements such as presence of a hero who is an exceptional being, mental transformation of this hero and certain motivation of the hero for quest.While the protagonist in One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich struggles to survive in an inhuman environment, protagonist in Araby aims to explore an alien market in order to bring something for his lo ved one. One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich therefore, is a survival quest whereas Araby is an romantic quest. However, their themes contrast drastically. While One day in the life of Ivan Desinovich offers depressing and serious story, Araby is about first love. In this way, both literary works bear certain similarities and differences.

The American National Anthem

The National Anthem is a familiar tune to everybody. It is known as the Star Spangled Banner. Today, the American National anthem is sung before many different events. Some of those events include sporting events and presidential campaigns. The Star Spangled Banner is also notorious for its confusing and almost impossible to sing lyrics. The Star Spangled Banner was written by a second rate lawyer named Francis Scott Key. During the war of 1812 Francis Scott Key was taken hostage on a British ship.He was held captive there during the Battle of Fort McHenry where the British ships were barraging the fort with rockets and artillery throughout the night. But when the sun rose the next morning, Key found the American flag, which only had 15 stars at the time, still standing on the Fort. That even inspired him to write the Star Spangled Banner which became our national anthem in 1931 when congress made it official. The National Anthem is very commonly used today. But not all of these inst ances are positive.For example before President Barack Obama became the president of the United States, He once refused to put his right hand over his heart before the playing of the Star Spangled Banner. As a defense he stated â€Å"There are a lot of people in the world to whom the American flag is a symbol of oppression. And the anthem itself conveys a war-like message. You know, the bombs bursting in air and all. † The bombs bursting in air is a part of the Star Spangled Banner lyrics. This represented the survival of Fort McHenry during the Battle of 1812.This is an interesting part of our history because Barack Obama later became our president. But because of this one event he will be known as our president that refused to stand and honor the playing of the National Anthem. During nation wide sporting events the National Anthem is played before the game. This is seen when people go to a baseball game, they play the national anthem before they begin the game. The Nationa l Anthem started first started to play during the 1918 World Series. It was a game between The Cubs and the Red Sox.The band started to play the National Anthem during the seventh-inning and both teams faced the centerfield flag pole and stood at attention. From that day on sporting events from all over the country started using the National Anthem. But it is now most commonly played before the event not during. The National Anthem is considered a very difficult song to sing. Many professional and amateur singers mess up when they sing the Star Spangled Banner. For instance during the super bowl of 2011, Christina Aguilera was requested to sing the national anthem before the game.During her performance she mixed up the lines and stirred frenzy amongst the crowd. Christina Aguilera is a famous pop singer in America so this proves that even professional singers can mess up singing the national anthem. The National Anthem is America’s song. The National Anthem is used very widel y among people of our country. It can be heard from sporting events to presidential campaigns. Although the Star Spangled Banner is a difficult song to sing it is still sung by many people young or old. This is our National Anthem.

Critique Rocky Horror Picture Show

This show revolutionized interaction and participation with the audience during shows. Who is the protagonist? How did you know this? Give examples. Brad Majors and Janet Weiss. The play was based on the events that Brad and Janet experienced. When Brad and Janet went to the castle to use the phone. Brad and Janet were taken to the lab to take off their wet clothes. Who is the antagonist? How do you know this? Give examples. Dry. Frank N. Further. Dry Frank has a lot of conflict In the show. He has conflict with Brad and Janet when they try to leave the castle.He also has conflict when Riff Raff and Magenta when they try to take authority over the mission. What was the importance of the other characters? It was important to have additional characters to further the plot and add conflict. Who are they and how do they further the plot? Riff Raff is one of the aliens who add conflict to the play when he tries to take over the mission. Magenta is Riff Raffs sister and lover who tries to assist him In taking over the mission. Rocky Is Dry Franks experiment that represents his sexual object. Columbia is also an alien who Is Infatuated with Dry.Frank. Dry. Everett Scott was Janet and Brads former science tutor who shows up at the castle and discovers Brad and Janet. What Is the arrangement of the Incidents (action)? Brad and Janet left a wedding ,got engaged, went for a drive to tell a friend, had a flat, went to the castle to use the phone, had sexual encounters with each other, Dry Scott shows up they leave. What Is the meaning of the play? Is there more than one? The meaning of this play was to express your sexuality. I guess there could be more than one meaning If you perceived the message differently.Did you enjoy the play? I did enjoy the play a lot I have never been too production Like that. What was the message for you In this play? For society? Did you agree with the message? The message for me was that you should express who you are In your own sexuality. I do agree with the message. Dry. Frank N. Further. Dry Frank has a lot of conflict in the show. He has conflict with mission. Magenta is Riff Raffs sister and lover who tries to assist him in taking over the mission. Rocky is Dry Franks experiment that represents his sexual object.Columbia is also an alien who is infatuated with Dry. Frank. Dry. Everett Scott was Janet Janet. What is the arrangement of the incidents (action)? Brad and Janet left a What is the meaning of the play? Is there more than one? Than one meaning if you perceived the message differently. Did you enjoy the play? I did enjoy the play a lot I have never been too production like that. What was the message for you in this play? For society? Did you agree with the message? The message for me was that you should express who you are in your own sexuality. I do

Unethical advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Unethical advertising - Essay Example This essay 'Unethical advertising" outlines which types of advertising are considered unethical giving different examples. Using advertisements that provide false claims and makes the public believe in something that is not true is a mere example of unethical advertising. This usually happens with several products such as detergents, where the advertisement says that the clothes washed with the specific detergent will look as clean as new, but that never happens. This also happens in various weight loss plans advertisements, where it says that a person using the product will lose 50 pounds in two weeks, but this does not actually happen for all customers using the product and thus, experts have been considering this as unethical. This type of advertising should confront bans due to its unethical nature, as it does not provide what it claims to be advertising for. Such is one example of unethical advertising. Another common instance of unethical advertising is the advertisements prepared for products, such as cigarettes and drugs. This type of advertising is surely illegal, as well as unethical, as it promotes a product that is harmful for the human body. Children who might come across such an advertisement might find it fascinating that they can avail the product that supposedly helps them get over all their problems and worries, while they are unaware of the amount of damage such products can cause to their bodies. Advertisements designed in the political realm have often found to be unethical as they provide information that is not true. , done, in order to get the public to cast a vote for them by providing false information. For example, a person running for the post of a president for a country may claim to have donated a huge amount of money to flood victims etc; however, may not have done so actually. This might be done just in order to gain the public votes and therefore, this type of advertising is surely considered unethical. A very common type of unethical advertising, which is used, is advertisements that say promote â€Å"$1 products.† However, when one actually picks up a product and comes to pay for it, they come to know that very few products are of one dollar, the others have their own specific prices, and the customer is forced to buy the items, in order to avoid the embarrassment by the shopkeeper that they cannot afford the product (Wells, pp. 69-74). Another type of unethical advertising is that an advertisement can have a negative psychological impact on a person, and cause them to experien ce psychological problems in the end (MacRury, pp. 20-25). For example, using the image of a monster in a children’s cereal ad may frighten them and have a lasting impact on their minds. This type of

American Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

American Foreign Policy - Essay Example A global hegemony cannot be decided based on public opinion. What matters is international legitimacy which comes from global coalition of willing nations. This is something which US continues to gain ground in thus proving that it is not in a decline. The US has taken the international community as a whole. However, it is worth pointing out that some of this has taken place in a rather begrudging manner. Its position as the world’s super power will only start to decline when the allegiances to the nation break down. America still wields influence, leadership and persuasion in the international stage just as it did decades ago. One clear illustration of this strong influence is its ability to set international laws and at the same time be able to ignore them as it is accountable to no other state in the world. Military power has always been an integral part of hegemony (Jerel and Scott 2014, 60). This was quite evident during the World War period where nations which had the strongest military wielded so much global power in terms of political economy and relations. USSR and the USA were leading in this. Military power depends entirely on economic resources which are at the disposal of the state. It is something which the US has making it the nation with perhaps the most sophisticated military. The US is still moving in a path of progressive and democratic governance. It recognizes the freedom of the press, religion, association and expression. This has earned it legitimate allies that look at the nation as a role model. Despite the fact that it is no saint when it comes to these governance issues, it has a legitimate team of allies that allow dictating stability and global shifts in terms of relations. Arguments have been put across that the growth of economies in certain world countries like China is causing a decline in US influence in global policies. However, this is not true as the economic growth in other nations will

Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art history - Essay Example According to Hamilton, Richard Foster and Martin (35), pop art became so dominant and popular in London and New York in the mid 50s, the same time Richard made this painting. Jan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait (Northern Renaissance) on the other hand, is a proof of the coming and birth of contemporary fashion as suggested by the woman in the portrait who is holding high her brightly colored dress. â€Å"The Arnolfini is filled with complex symbolism and interesting details,† (Seidel and Linda 21). Evidently, Jan’s painting is a Flemish painting from the bright colors used as it is commonly associated with the renaissance, which usually means re-birth. Re-birth was started in Florence and Italy, the same place where the particular painting is based on. The painting was done in 1434 by Jan van Eyck as one of the pioneers of oil painting. In Italy there are a lot of details of wealth from the same place like the rare species of the dog present in the painting, the wealthy clothes and the gleaming brass chandelier on the wall. The ornate Latin signature on the wall near the clock also has some resemblance of the modern day graffiti, which proves more of the birth of contemporary culture. There are several differences between Richard’s painting, â€Å"just what is it that makes today’s homes so appealing?† and Jan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait in that, Richards painting is a true depiction of modern pop art with modern true day to day life among people like the free and liberal partnership between man and woman as depicted in the picture .Richard’s painting also narrows down the difference between fine and contemporary art while Jan’s painting depicts marriage, fidelity ,and wealth of the fourteenth century as mentioned by Bedaux and Ben( 43) These paintings are similar in style, in that they are bold, colorful interesting to look at and catchy. However, Richard’s

No Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

No - Assignment Example Furthermore, the crux of the matter, as the authors relate it, hinges upon the differential that is noticed between the aforementioned â€Å"real option† as compared to the â€Å"discounted cash flow†. Regardless of the causal mechanisms, the authors argue that understanding EC as a function of behavior and what triggers it are key concerns for the operations and decision making structures that many organizations and individuals employ on a daily basis. Methods The methodology that the study employed was concentric upon a group of 80 financial managers which were drawn from a diverse group of companies. For purposes of the study, the participants were all graduates in either accounting or management. As a means to insure that the participants all had a modicum of experience, the participants were only selected from those which had a minimum average experience of around 7 years on the job. As a means of answering the questions associated with the research questions, the researchers distributed among these 80 participants a questionnaire which was divided into 3 separate and distinct subsections. The first section introduced the research and required the participants to give their general information; to include age, sex, degree, field of expertise etc. Likewise, the second part was divided into two subsections of its own. The first of these subsections offered a brief explanation of the capital budgeting methods (real option or net present value). The second subsection elaborated upon how the former were calculated; giving examples and showing the methodology/formulation. Similarly, the third section consisted of three subsections of its own. The first of these subsections helped to describe the hypothetical project to the participants as a way of seeking to gain shareholder buy in. The second subsection sought to obtain a quantitative measurement based upon the first with respect to whether they would seek to abandon or salvage a given project on a scale of 0-100 (Karimi et al 478). Likewise the third subsection required the participants to answer 9 multiple choice questions with a 0-5 rating concerning their hypothetical choices that have been previously determined within the other sections. Description Although previous studies have worked to show that the use of real option methods for the purpose of evaluation tend to yield better results, the hypothesis that were tested within this study helped to reflect a slightly different result. This is no doubt due in part to the participants which were involved. Whereas previous studies have relied almost exclusively on university students in order to populate their studies, this particular study relied exclusively on those that have spent an average of 7 years within the industry and likely this factor more than any other has helped to differentiate the results that were seen. This helps to necessarily present the researcher with a clear and unavoidable juxtaposition of actual r eal-world experience that has helped to inform the research question. Evaluation I found this project to be contextually interesting but the research model and statistical generation that were reported could have been much better written as a way to engage the reader/researcher with the findings

Disney in France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disney in France - Essay Example The paper also includes an evaluation of Disney and provides recommendations for the company. Challenges and Problems This section will deal with the issues and problems that the company currently faces. Here the company’s assumptions, the external factors impacting Disney and the issues that need immediate care have been discussed. a) Disney’s Assumptions: Disney made a number of assumptions in France, i) The number of visitors on Monday will be light and Fridays will be heavy ii) French don’t eat breakfast iii) If they do take breakfast, it is croissants and coffee iv) Incorrect Lunch timings v) European Customers will stay for four to five days vi) French Style service restaurants. Most assumptions made by the company were incorrect. The company clearly did not take into account actual facts and figures and there was no supporting evidence for the assumptions by the company (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington). These clearly have had a major impact on the compan y and its performance. A decision like starting in France was a right one and this was clearly backed with clear figures and facts. However the assumptions made by the company otherwise like, having a 350 seat restaurant at a hotel, when the demand was as high as 2,500 breakfasts was an incorrect decision. These clearly have had a major impact on the overall company performance, human resources and clearly on the finances of the company (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington). b) France and Disney Three main events that have occurred in France have had a major impact on Disney’s success: i) The long talks and long negotiation by the French Government, which led to loss of patience of the Disney team ii) Parisian intellectuals who protested that the Disney culture was assaulting the French Culture and iii) The framers protest demanding that French agricultural subsidies be cut. Each of these events has had a major impact on Disney and has led to issue and breaks in the success of t he company. c) Need for Resolution: The company clearly needs to resolve the following: i) Breakfast issues for customers ii) Better staffing over the high demand days at the park iii) Better understanding of the culture of the country rather than depending on assumptions Alternative Solutions: For the success of any company in a new location, irrespective of the size, or nature of the business, it is crucial to have a detailed market research. Here the company did do the market research in terms of the location, however in terms of culture and the customer needs, there was little research and more assumptions. Hence to have a more favorable experience in France, a more detailed market research would prove to be more successful. Disney had invested a lot of money into the project, hence investing a little more on the market research and the needs of the people in the country would have been the best steps that the company could have taken while launching Euro Disney. Evaluation and Recommendations: Yes France is an excellent choice for the company to open its branch. Considering the place, i.e. Paris, and the incentives that the government was providing the company, this was definitely an excellent choice. Also, the location is best suited to meet the needs of millions as the location is easily accessible. Hence this is an excellent location for Euro Disney. In retrospect of the case, the following recommendations can be provided: i) Invest in market research (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington), ii) The culture of every location is essential to follow for the business to be successful iii) A theme park is in most cases a one day excursion place, and most people across the world prefer to stay for a maximum of one day

Criticize of Marketing Myopia article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criticize of Marketing Myopia article - Essay Example He argued that there is no such thing as a growth industry, what is there is growth opportunities that one should take advantage of to enhance their welfare. Levitt also gives people a better understanding of misconceptions like the belief that growth is guaranteed by an expanding population. Instead, the commodities released should target a certain gender or age. He also shows that mass production does not always yield as expected due to imbalances in the scale of production. Mass production results to low cost per unit as the output increases. In production, one should focus on the quality of produce rather than the marketing. Good quality output markets itself as compared to poor quality ones that have to be pushed into the market. Since most enterprises needs lie on maximizing profits than it is more appropriate to focus on the company’s needs rather than customers’ needs. A brilliant marketer creates products that suit the consumer and are affordable. Good quality products in the market gain popularity faster when compared to poor quality ones by competitors. This gives the market true illusion of what your products are like. Theodore Levitt gives companies a clue on how to maintain efficiency with its rising popularity. An increase in output quantity tends to reduce unit cost, and if not monitored it pulls down the business. Through maintaining efficiency, companies are likely to enjoy larger profits and experience growth. He discards the belief that no competitive substitutes of outstanding products exists in the market. This is an entirely irrational belief. Every product in the market have their substitutes, it is only that you have not done the research on more products in the market. He mentions that, we should not focus on short-term benefits. The long run benefits, which most of the firms are not ready to wait. With changing times, people tend to change on preferences and tastes and therefore this prepares the business firms for these changes in the future. The short focus is what the author refers to as myopia. He gives examples of the railroad and oil industries that can be taken over by other close competitors. He adds that there is no guarantee on product obsolesce and gives an example of petroleum products which were used since time immemorial up to date but has never been exhausted. Technology improvement cause this and the discovery where other sources of energy have been resolved to hence the decline on use of petroleum products. The most salient thing on Levitt’s article is on maintaining the business in the market for the longest time and enjoying maximum profits. Business firms should set long-term goals to help them serve their customer needs in a more appropriate and reliable manner. This helps the products get established and therefore with time It dominates the markets. However, what Levitt has missed out is that he only talks of myopia back then not putting into consideration the present t imes whereby myopia has taken a different turn. There exists new forms of myopia especially where entrepreneurs’ get single minded instead of venturing into different fields in the market. Maybe accommodating other stakeholders in the market would help enhance venturing into the diverse existing opportunities. Another problem comes in when the firm misinterprets the true definition of a customer and satisfying their needs. With the changing times consumer

Joseph Nathan Oliver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joseph Nathan Oliver - Essay Example These instruments include cornet and trumpet for melody input, trombone, percussion, and tuba for rhythm in music. Also, used is the clarinet for counterpoint production, drums, contrabass, piano, guitar, and banjo, and later saxophones. Most of these were obtained from the military band (Gushee 45). Jazz music formed a uniting point for all races, as people played it from all races in the world. Joe worked with and transformed a number of marching band groups. Examples of such include the Kid Ory, Bill Johnson’s original Creole Orchestra, The onward Brass band, the Olympia, the eagle band, and the original superior. He also founded King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band where he invited Louis Armstrong and others like Lil Hardin, Johnny Dodds, Baby Dodds, and Honore Dutrey. After their breakup, Oliver King went on to belong to other bands, like Dave Peyton’s band which he renamed Dixie Syncopators (Gushee 260). Oliver ‘king’ was known for his expertise in t he cornet playing as aforementioned. He was raised in New Orleans, which was recognized for its musical vibrancy. This jazz musician produced ‘hot jazz’ sounds, as his music came to be referred to later. In jazz music, Oliver King was famed for using mutes, derbies, cups, and bottles to modify the sound of his cornet. His style was that of producing rhythm that was four square and a melody that was clipped. This made him unique since the other cornetists, including Louis Armstrong, played an irregularly thus contrasting them. In addition to this, Oliver king was also famous for the production of a wild array of sounds from his horn. His performance in Wa Wa Wa and the styles he used to enhance such performance gave rise to the ‘wa-wa effect’ in Jazz music, which further assisted in making him stand out from among other cornetists and other jazz musicians (Gushee 262). He acted as Louis Armstrong’s mentor, who, later rises to fame and is still known i n the jazz world. After the breakup of King Oliver Jazz Band, Joe went ahead to produce two duets with Jelly Roll Morton, a pianist. The duets were King Porter and Tom Cat, both with Piano accompaniment. Apart from playing the cornet and founding bands, Oliver King also wrote music for his bands. Some of the music he wrote include, Sweet like this, Dippermouth Blues Doctor Jazz and Canal Street blues. Oliver’s Dippermouth blues is without a doubt one of the most notable and memorable performance by the fallen king. Both Oliver king and Louis Armstrong composed this piece while they were in King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band. The two were on the cornets while William Johnson played the banjo; Baby Dodds played the drums and Honore Dutrey played the trombone. The clarinetist was Johnny Dodds while Lil Hardin played the piano. This piece was recorded in 1923, in Richmond, Indiana (Gushee 263). Dippermouth blues starts with a four- bar lead that is diminished, which, progresse s to a meandering ride over the hills, of two chorus. An ostinato motor of one bar guides all this. There is a repetitive function of all the parts of the instruments, including the trombone and the clarinet, which offers support for the lead cornet. This is proceeded by a stop time solo of the clarinet. After another ensemble, Oliver’s prowess is displayed as he plays a three chorus muted cornet solo. Together with the band, Oliver king presents a moving show that demands attention. In fact, his

Discussion about the human life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion about the human life - Essay Example Destruction of human life is a consequence of reckless and irresponsible driving amongst many drivers. When people get deployed, sacked or fail to pass their final exams, we get irritated but at least our lives are not endangered. When we are on the road, however, irresponsible motor vehicle drivers are more than irritating: They put our lives at risk and many of us have witnessed careless, reckless, incompetent drivers exchanging lanes, not observing road signs and traffic lights. For example nearly or hitting down pedestrians in a pedestrian crossing. A number of bills to regulate proper use of roads (Traffics Act Rules) have been introduced in state legislatures , the time has know come to push for their enactment as these regulation is will help careless, reckless drivers seriously impaired. There is no doubt that reckless driving cause traffic deaths and permanent disabilities. Not observing road signs and other Traffic Rule Acts have caused many fatal accidents leaving many phy sically and emotionally challenged. Physically the casualties either lose their legs or either part of their body. While emotionally they become somehow mentally retarded due to ether accident, divorce, life challenges, and religion. Some quotes that attempt to provide an insight on the above discussion include: â€Å"I profoundly agree with you, and I`ve always felt that one of the things that is wrong with religion is that it teaches us to be satisfied with answers which are not really answers at all (236)†; â€Å"When it’s gone, you`ll know what a gift love was. You`ll suffer like this. So go back and fight to keep it† that talks about enduring love. In addition, McEwan describes life experiences when he asserts that â€Å"although you think the world is at your feet, it can rise up and tread on you.† There are other quotes that describe the position of McEwan in respect to life when he asserts that â€Å"the cost of oblivious daydreaming was always t his moment of return, the realignment with what had been before and now seemed a little worse† (201). This quotes talks about proximity in life experiences. McEwan (178) points out that â€Å"a story was a form of telepathy. By means of linking symbols onto a page thoughts and feelings from her mind to her reader`s. It was a magical process, so commonplace that no one stopped to wonder at it.† Question Two Atonement is an aspect allowing individuals who have committed some crime or are involved in unethical practices to gain freedom from mental anguish and torture arising from the guilt o being a criminal. After engaging in many criminal activities, Briony is still not ready to atone for the same. In her final scene with McAvoy and Knightly they describe what she must atone for her sin. She does not do this â€Å"I no longer saw what purpose it would serve† (McEwan 198). From the perspective of Briony’s crime, it is not easy to forgive. Briony felt betraye d at the fountain not only that Robbie had sex with her younger sister but also turned up not knight she also waited for long so the lie developed into a disease of guilt. Through her we get the two major issues; jealousy and betrayal. â€Å"Save me â€Å"scene Robbie perception of what went wrong with Briony and herself. Briony telling Fiona it happened when she was 10 years old and she tells Robbie â€Å"I love you†. At the same time Briony knew all that happened at the fountain, from her view Robbie ordered Cecilia to strip down to her underwear and go into the fountain Robbie too attacked Cee in library. In real sense Lola was not raped but was engaging in consensual sex. â€Å"Save me† scene Broiny shows us jealousy where she jumped into the river to show her love issue. The purest â€Å"

Machiavelli the prince Essay Example for Free

Machiavelli the prince Essay Machiavelli emphasized the value the need of stability in the domain of the prince. Machiaveli argued that virtuous and stable state is the greatest moral good and the effort to protect one’s country regardless of what it will take. What is important is that, one is to do anything to save the country and to sustain his power. Furthermore, Machiavelli noted that the prince should not be disrespected. The prince should be feared and loved, but it is much better to fear that loved According to Machiavelli; rule is justified by force but not by law. He proposed some of the actions that may be done to perpetuate power. His idea generally is based on how one can take and controlled leadership in a particular country and use it maximum level. Some of his area of interest was on defense and military, reputation of the prince, generosity vs. parsimony, cruelty vs. mercy, avoiding contempt and hatred gaining honors, noble and staff, avoiding flattering, and how to get fortune. According to him the greater achievement of the prince is when the prince has acquired all the above factors. Conclusion Ethical behavior principal as it has been viewed in this paper is fundamental for the development of the potentialities of the person and the achievement of any particular company. The most important thing is the unified relation among the society members such that whatever they do will be guided by the virtues or values of good behavioral actions. Reference: Irwin, T. H. (1999) â€Å"Republic 2: Question justice,† in Plato 2: Ethics politics, Politics, Religious, the soul, ed. Grail Fine Oxford: Oxford University press, pp. 164. 185 American Psychological Association. (1953). The ethical standards of psychologists. Washington, DC: Author. Leal, L. (1998). T

Imaging Techniques in Medical Science

Imaging Techniques in Medical Science Electrodiagnostics Electrodiagnosis is the field of study that utilizes the science of electrophysiology. Specifically, electrodiagnostics study the human neurophysiology through the utilization of electrical technology. Neurodiagnostics, evoked potentials and electromyography are aspects of electro diagnosis. Electromyography was the first electrodiagnostic examination to be developed. The procedure involves the placement of needles to several muscles to record various stages of muscle activity, minimal contraction, maximal activity and even rest. A normal muscle is electrically silent when at rest. Spontaneous depolarization of individual muscle fibers results from damaged muscle tissue. The mentioned alterations can be detected through the needle examination portion of electrodiagnostic examination. [122] No special preparation is generally necessary. Avoid using any lotions or creams on the day of the examination. Temperature could affect the result of the test hence if the temperature is cold; the patient should wait in a warm room for a while before the test is conducted. One concern with electromyographic testing is that needles are utilized and it could be painful. However, the new computerized technology permits the usage of needles that can records so that small insertion of it feels lesser painful than the insertion of a normal size needle. Needles with small gauge can be used, because nothing is aspirated or injected. A troublesome trend is the performance of nonphysician health care personnel in electromyographic testing. Interpretation of electromyograms and performance of electromyography needs enough technical skill and capability to assimilate physician’s understanding. [121] In a study conducted by Rathinaraj and colleagues regarding the efficacy of spinal segmental stabilization exercise program and the efficiency to improve the muscular activity and pain reduction which is assessed through electromyography because limited studies are conducted using electromyography as an assessment parameter of muscular activity. Their study show ed that exercise play a vital role in alleviating low back pain particularly in the mechanical back pain brought by spinal instability, which needs spinal segmental stabilization exercise program. Positive progress in muscular activity and pain reduction proves the exercise program. History of low back pain is associated with higher baseline muscle activation and that electromyography responses are modulated from this activated state, rather than showing acute burst activity from inactive state, perhaps to prevent trunk displacements. Nerve conduction studies are essential part of the complete electrodiagnostic examination. [123] In a nerve conduction studies, the contraction is caused by the electrical charge distributed to the nerves in the periphery. An electrode capable of recording is posited on a muscle innervated by the specific nerve, and information about impulse can be recorded including its latency. Latency is the time required for an impulse to travel from stimulus to the recording. Nerve conduction velocity and the distanced traveled can also be computed. The said measures are important gauge of damage to the nerve which specifically tests the integrity of the myelin sheath of the nerves. The nerve conduction studies and needle examination are key components of a complete electromyographic examination. The amplitude of the contraction of the muscle can be compared signal’s initial size thus providing information regarding the number of functional neurons that consists the nerve. Nerve conduction study is also referred as nerve conduction velocity test. During this procedure, two electrodes will be attached to the surface of the skin. One electrode will stimulate the nerve while the other one will record it. The speed of nerve conduction studies is associated to the degree of myelination and diameter of the nerve. A nerve functioning normally transmits a stronger and faster impulse than an altered nerve. It is like an electric wire with plastic or rubber insulation around it. Generally the range of normal conduction velocity is 50 to 60 meters per second. However, the normal conduction velocity may be different from one nerve to another and one individual to another. Nerve conduction velocity test is commonly conducted along with electromyography. A condition that may be examined with nerve conduction studies includes Carpal tunnel syndrome, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Charcot-Mari-Tooth syndrome, herniated disc, neuropathy, polyneuropathy, sciatic nerve problem s and peripheral nerve injuries. Nerve conduction study techniques specifically include motor nerve conduction studies and sensory nerve conduction studies. Sensory nerve conduction studies are normal when focal sensory loss is due to nerve root damage for the nerve roots are proximal to the nerve bodies in the dorsal ganglia. [33] Evoked potentials or evoked responses, measures the electrophysiologic responses of the nervous system to different stimuli. Theoretically, almost any sensory modality can be tested, however in clinical practice only few are used in routine basis. [208] Evoked potentials demonstrate abnormal sensory function when the neurologic test results do not reveal abnormalities. It reveals clinically unsuspected pathology when demyelinating disease is suspected. It determines the anatomic distribution of a disease process and it objectively monitors the condition whether the patient is progressing or not. [125] Visual evoked potential examines the function of the visual pathway beginning from the retina going to the occipital cortex. It specifically measures the capacity of the visual pathways to conduct from the optic nerve, to theoptic chiasm and optic radiations going to the occipital cortex. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials measure the function of the auditory nerve and auditory pathways in the brainstem. [124] Somatosensory evoked potential is a diagnostic test to assess the speed of impulse conduction across the spinal cord. The said methodology is consists of using electrical stimulus in the nerves of arms and legs measuring the impulse generated by different points in the body. Electrodiagnostics is utilized to examine lumbosacral radiculopathy potentially underlying low back pain. The examinations serve as an extension of the physical examination and clinical history furthermore it complements the neuroimaging studies. Among the common low back pathologies amenable to electrodiagnostic studies include spinal stenosis and lumbosacral disc herniation. The electrodiagnostics can help in the decision making processes when considering surgical management. [126] Electrodiagnostic studies are essential part of the diagnostic evaluation when the physical examination or history suggests that neural structures may contribute as symptom generators. Lumbosacral radiculopathies, peripheral nerve injuries and plexopathies are of primary concern when examining patients having low back pain. The study assists in quantifying neurophysiologic injuries and alterations using the said techniques. Bone Scan A bone scan shows the images of metabolic activity of the skeleton. Conventionally, it is accomplished by imaging radionuclide whose physiology closely resembles a metabolic activity within the bone. Nuclear scintigraphy of the bone generally uses the radionuclides fluoride-18 (F-18) or technetium-99m (Tc-99m). Tc-99m is commonly attached to medronic acid (Tc-99m MDP) and F-18 incorporated into sodium fluoride (F-18 NaF). The molecules are injected intravenously while a nuclear camera that contains salt crystal captures the decay of photons from radioisotope. This is attained through the process of fluorescence or scintillation that occurs when the photon released by the radionuclide hits the salt crystals within the nuclear camera. The scintillations are converted to images for interpretation by nuclear medicine specialist. [127] A bone scan is used utilized to: [143] Diagnose a bone tumor or neoplasms Ascertain if a cancer already metastasizes to the bones. The common cancers that could spread to the bones include breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, and kidney. Diagnose a fracture, especially if it cannot be seen on a plain x-ray Rule-out osteomyelitis or bone infection Determine or diagnose the etiology of bone pain, when no other cause has been recognized Assess metabolic disorders, such as renal osteodystrophy, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, primary hyperparathyroidism, complex regional pain syndrome, and Pagets disease Bone scans are useful in a wide range of conditions. A common reason to have a bone scan is for examination of pain, in which bone scan can assist in identifying whether the source of the pain if from bone pathology or form soft tissue trauma. There are no specific preparations needed for radionuclide bone scan when using the tracer that map calcium metabolism, F-18 NaF or Tc-99m MDP. Patient should continue take their medications normally and eat normally. It is helpful to stay hydrated since the radiotracers are eliminated through the urine. Bone scans were known to emit much more radiation than CT and radiography. It must be kept in mind when considering whether or not to perform scans on a child. [108] Before the bone scan, the patient should make it known if she is or might be pregnant and if she is breast feeding. The patient can use formula for 1 to 2 days after the scanning to wait until the radioactive tracer is gone from the body. The patient should report to the doctor if he or she have had an X-ray test utilizing barium as a contrast material, such as a barium enema or have taken a medication that contains bismuth within the past 4 days because barium and bismuth can interfere with test results of the scanning. The patient should limit his or her fluids for up to 4 hours before commencing the the test for the patient will be instructed to drink extra fluids after the injection of the tracer. The patient will empty his or her bladder right before the scan. Most probably the patient will have to wait for at least 1 to 3 hours after the injection of the tracer before your bone scan is done. [144] The images produced by the bone scan should depict that the radioactive material has been distributed evenly all over the body. There must be no areas of increased or decreased distribution. Hot spots are portions with an increased distribution of the radioactive material. On the other hand cold spots are areas that show lesser of the amount of radioactive material. [143] Many false-positive results can be expected among older adults. Discitis, osteomyelitis, metastatic disease, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative spondylosis and ankylosing spondylodis may result in abnormal findings in the spine that are not directly related to acute trauma. False-negative results may occur in the first hours after acute trauma. If possible, 72 hours should be allowed to pass prior to nuclear bone scanning of the lumbar spine is attempted. [127] Thermography Thermography is a noninvasive procedure that images infrared radiation (heat) released by the body surface. It is based on the principle that alterations in different of body functions alter the cutaneous vascular supply. Pain is a complicated phenomenon that cannot be simplified to a direct correlation with cutaneous heat production. Thermography. Thermography does not take a picture of pain itself; it does reveal pathophysiologic conditions related with soft tissue, circulatory neurovascular and musculoskeletal disorders.There are two type of thermography. It includes liquid crystal or contact and electroninc or noncontact thermography. [129] The contact thermography utilizes cholesterol crystals that changes in color with the variations of surface temperature. The crystals are placed inside inflatable transparent boxes with one thermosensitive, flexible side that is applied to the body of the individual. Each of the boxes has a limited temperature range and its utilization for examination requires proper selection of the box with accompanying proper temperature range. An image is taken of the box to record the patterns of surface temperature. The box is chosen by trial and error method. The advantage of contact thermography includes the absence of radiation, much lower cost than electronic thermography and much easier to use. Electronic thermography uses an infrared radiation sensor that converts heat reading to electrical signals that are displayed on a black-and-white or colored monitor. A picture can be taken from the video screen. It can be also stored on a computer. This system has the advantage of viewing large are as of the body during a single examination. Examinations must be conducted in an air-conditioned, draft-free room. The ambient temperature must be between 68 degrees to 72 degrees Fahrenheit. The patient should also be instructed to refrain from cigarette smoking for the day of the test. Furthermore, the patient should refrain from taking pain medications, physical therapy and exposure to sunlight for at least 24 hours. The patient must be in equilibrium with room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes before the beginning of the procedure. The examination will be postponed if the patient is febrile. [129] The examination of lumbosacral spine and lower legs with contact thermography consists of individual images of buttocks, posterior and lateral thighs, lower legs, dorsa of the feet, and toes. The examination requires 1 to 2 hours to complete. Abnomalities in the physiologic temperature distribution pattern also indicates alterations. Acute pain is said to be associated with increased heat whereas chronic pain is related to decreased temperature. Increased temperature is found over areas involved in an inflammatory process. Studies have stated a close correlation between abnormal thermograms and surgically proven discs. Investigators have also found that patients with disc herniation have a thermography and myelography accuracy rate of 95% and 84% correspondingly. [214] Thermographic findings correlated with magnetic resonance, myelography and computed tomography abnormalities in 94%, 80% and 84%. Twenty two magnetic resonance scan of patients with prolapsed of the disc associated wit h nerve root lesion, 95% of them had leg abnormalities on thermography. [129] There is a good relationship between changes in symmetry of heat patterns and changes in pain intensity for most of the disorders that causes chronic pain. Thermography has been reported to useful in differentiating pain-free from pained subjects reporting back pain, knee pain, and leg pain. Thermography consistently indicates painful areas among patients with spinal cord injury. Ultrasound Imaging Ultrasound is a type of imaging which uses high-frequency sound waves to look at visceral organs and structures of the body. Ultrasound imaging of the musculoskeletal system is painless and safe. It is also called as ultrasound scanning or sonography. It involves the use of a probe or small transducer and ultrasound gel placed directly on the surface of the skin. The transducer transmits high-frequency sound waves through the gel into the body. Then, the transducer utilizes the sounds that bounce back and use them to create images in the computer. There is no risk for radiation because ultrasound imaging does not utilize ionizing radiation like what is used in radiography. Since sonographic images are captured in real-time, they can show the structure and the body’s internal organ movements, including the blood flow through the blood vessels. Ultrasound imaging is noninvasive medical test that aids physicians diagnose and treat medical disorders. Musculoskeletal ultrasound pro vides pictures of muscle, ligament, tendons, joints and soft tissue throughout the body. [142] Ultrasound images are commonly used to help diagnose certain musculoskeletal conditions such as: tendon tears; muscle tears, masses or fluid collections; tears or sprain of ligaments; fluid effusion or inflammation; early alterations caused by rheumatoid arthritis; nerve entrapment; ganglionic cysts; benign and malignant soft tissue tumors; hernias; foreign bodies; and dislocations. [142] Patients should be instructed to wear loose-fitting, comfortable clothing for the examination. The patient may be required to remove some of the clothing and accessories in the area to be examined. Ultrasound examinations are sensitive to motion. An active or crying child can lengthen the examination process. No other preparation is required. Musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation is usually completed within 15 to 30 minutes but can take longer. Ultrasound may have difficulty penetrating the bone, hence only the outer surface can only be viewed. There are also limitations on the depth the sound waves can penetrate, thus deeper internal structures of larger patients may not be seen easily. [142]

The Ibis Hotel Introduction

The Ibis Hotel Introduction Ibis is Europes leading budget hotel with more than 950 hotels in 55 countries; ibis offers its customers the highest level of service and ultimate comfort in its category at the best market prices. The ibis standard guarantees its customers around the world offer homogeneous: a modern room, connected and soundproofed bedding to innovative comfort, breakfast from 4am to noon and a varied cuisine. In this ultimate comfort the ibis room: became modern, comfortable and fully equipped, all hotels in the network, the ibis room is designed to offer its customers a happy sleep and the ability to work calmly: soundproof, connected to the Wi-Fi hotel, with a flat-screen LCD TV, a spacious bathroom and a work desk. New bedding to comfort Ibis, happy sleep specialist, has developed a concept of innovative and revolutionary bedding. The pillows are generous, welcoming duvet and mattress adapts perfectly to your body for a deep, restful sleep. And the secret weapon of ibis a mattress 7 cm more comfort for soft sensations. Unprecedented in the economy segment, the new ibis will change your bed nights. The highest level of service in its class c is enjoy your stay cloudless day and night, our teams are at your disposal Our teams live to the rhythm of your needs and your desires: Front 24h/24, small kitchen ibis at all times and a bar service open continuously. A commitment to quality service Ibis is the first hotel brand to receive economic since 1997, the ISO 9001 quality certification. This International Standard deals with the quality service day and night reception, accommodation, small kitchen ibis, and breakfast from 4am to noon and bar service. Today, 758 ibis hotels in 21 countries are certified ISO 9001 or 84% of the network. The contract Satisfaction 15 minutes Contract Satisfaction 15 minutes is a unique example of this demanding process. If a cloud disturbs the residence of a client, ibis teams give 15 minutes flat for a solution, day and night, and if they cannot hunt that little cloud in the allotted time, the client is invited by the hotel. Ibis pioneering environmental commitment Ibis registered its commitment under PLANET 21, the program of Accors sustainable development. Ibis is the first global chain engaged in the environmental certification ISO 14001 which installs a continuous progress via: a recent on-going compliance regulations continuous improvement: hotels certified are regularly audited to set new goals. Already 420 hotels in 18 countries have achieved ISO 14001 environmental certification. SEVEN P S PRODUIT: The ibis standard guarantees its customers around the world offer homogeneous: a modern room connected and soundproofed bedding to innovative comfort, breakfast from 4am to noon and a varied cuisine, Attentive and efficient. PRICE: According the price of ibis is one of the major determinants of the profitability of the hotel, and the price also depends on which city the hotel is situated, so Ibis Greenwich is little be expensive because of the activity and the advantage that the around him. PLACE: Ibis Greenwich is located in a very charming and cute town, and is located in the heart of Greenwich, near the Maritime Museum, Cutty Sark, and Royal Observatory and the train station PROMOTION: regarding the promotion hotel ibis create a new concept where you reserve 2 nights with Ibis styles every Tuesday and you pay for just 1 night, you can book to in last minute.com you will have possibility to get 50% every week end Friday and Saturday. PEOPLE: The Ibis Greenwich has a very friendly receptionist staff and very harsh reception of this profession the qualification requires is GCSE or LEVEL and is depend for which brand or star are you working if you dont have any qualification but you have a motivation for the trade of the Ibis hotel industry hotel will propose you evaluation of training to evolve a team leader to manager. PROCESS: all Ibis customer use internet to book or do they are rooms reservation or, send of Email or calling the line reservation for and all our reservation agent will reply to the customer by email, fax, or post. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: the hotel is clean, the rooms are clean, quiet, well heated hotel, the staff are presentable and pleasant http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zFfo2MGH90gCpg=PA41source=gbs_toc_rcad=4#v=onepageqf=false analysis of the Micro and Macro Environment of hospitality marketing THE MACRO ENVIRONMENT Economy: Consumers spending on hospitality services are discretionary spending. The share of household budgets spent on food away from home declined slightly during the recession of the early 1990s (Putnam and Allshouse 1999). Society and culture: As social and culture values, beliefs, and opinions change, opportunities are created for new products, services, and concepts. As people become more concerned about second-hand smoke, more restaurants, even in states where a complete smoking ban is not required, have become completely smoke free, Hotel also provide non-smoking rooms or floors in response to the contemporary climate of the social environment. Political: the restaurants restaurant industry continues to experience pressure from the government, to improve nutritional labelling or menus.at the state and local levels, destination marketing agencies, such as state tourism offices and convention and visitors, play an important role in building sales for the hospitality industry. Technology: the greatest impacts of technology on hospitality operations are in the area of communications and the amount and quality of information available for example computers are used to keep track of a guests history on spending, Hotel offer automatic check in and check out etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Environment: Many hospitality organisations have implemented environment friendly programs like many restaurant serve water only on request, and hotels ask guests to keep towels on the rack if they will be used again so that they will not be washed unnecessarily. The micro environment Competitors the market place for independent operations is much more competitive than it was just a few years ago. The high degree of competition in both the hotel and the restaurant segments affects pricing strategies and all other elements of the marketing mix. And the relatively fragmented nature of the industry means that the environment will remain highly competitive and unpredictable. Customers: families are important to hospitality marketers for two reasons PESTEL POLICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY environment legal Political The political scene has an enormous influence on the regulation of businesses, the purchasing power of buyers, as well as related companies for this reason, we had to take a look at many criteria policy so that companies can grow and perspective is rather a healthy atmosphere. Economical Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long terms. This is especially true when planning for international marketing. Social and cultural the social and cultural influences on businesses vary from one country to another. It is very important that such factors be considered. What is the dominant religion, what are the place of men and women within the society, what are the reactions when coming to foreign products and services? In the hotel industry the sociological aspects of UK have not really affected the business; UK is a rather open minded country and therefore is easy going for the hotel business. Technological Technology is vital for our competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization technology offers companies a new way to communicate with their consumers. With development of internet, most of the bookings are made via internet. Finally technology allows for products and services to be made more cheaply and to a better standard of quality. Environment: PLANET 21 is our 21 commitments to sustainable development. Health, nature, carbon, innovation, local development, employment and dialog: 21 commitments to help the world run a little more smoothly. Legal: these are related to the legal environment in which firms operate. In recent years in the UK there have been many significant legal changes that have affected firms behaviour. Opportunities Development of skills, career opportunity Evolution of poste to another like (the manager at reception), possibility to travel around the world IBIS HOTEL SWOT STRENGTH Located in the heart of Greenwich Near the Maritime Museum, Cutty Sark, And Royal Observatory And train station. The rooms offer satellite TV and internet access. Relax at the bar with a coffee or a glass of wine Let your self be tempted by the snacks and light meals that are offered. Increase the twin rooms Threats There is strong competition in the market, opening of smaller hotel, and client requests a very high qualification Weaknesses The hotel charged me for twice for the same room on the same night, claiming I did not show up for the second of the I could not park at the hotel, the two extremely miserable receptionists offered me the  £10 parking permit which would enable me to park Tiny rooms uncomfortable beds PORTERS FIVE FORCES According to Porter (2001) the internet is an enabling technology that can be used within the context of a good business strategy in any industry. The five forces that impact competitiveness which are outlined in Porters 1980 work are: barriers to entry, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers and sellers, and the rivalry among existing competitors. The most important determinant of a marketplaces profit potential is the intrinsic power of buyers and sellers. Threat of Substitute Goods In the hotel industry there is usually another hotel just around the corner. They appear in all price ranges, with varying levels of service and amenities. The constant challenge will always be to get the guest to choose your hotel over the competitor. The internet makes the overall market more efficient while expanding the size of the potential market and creating new substitution threats. Given the potency of this threat a superb internet presence is vital. Bargaining Power of Buyers Business persons choosing a hotel for business travel are savvy consumers and they are comfortable with computer technology, It has become very simple for them to go online and book a hotel. They no longer need travel agents, corporate travel consultants or middle men of any kind to determine where they will stay. Porters model predicts this elimination of intermediaries. Rivalry among existing competitors The rivalry among competitors in the hotel industry is fierce. When potential customers can learn about a hotel on line, the internet reduces the differences among competitors. People tend to seek the best price for the best experience and the tendency is to reduce price to be competitive. The internet covers wide geographical areas so the market is widened increasing the number of competitors. Barriers to Entry The initial investment in the hotel industry creates quite a barrier to entry but certain barriers to entering the hotel market are reduced by the internet. A presence on the internet reduces upstart marketing costs somewhat, and gives the new competitor access to potential suppliers and resources.. Bargaining power of suppliers While this is not a substantial threat in the hotel industry it can have impact especially in the area of labour. With an aging population, there are fewer people to fill service industry jobs and hotels which can attract excellent staff have a greater chance of providing excellent and exceptional experiences to their clientele. As part of their internet strategy all hotel chains should have a section on recruitment for employment. http://themarketplaceoflife.blogspot.co.uk/2011/02/porters-five-factor-model-and-hotel.html Segmentation and positioning According to the Ibis website the SEGMENT AND DESIGN is International standardized brand. ROOM SIZE 16/17sqm Can be customized according to market requirements. BEDDING the bed comfort is one of our utmost priorities. We will be launching a new Ultimate Comfort Bed. QUALITY Most of the hotels have been ISO 9001 certi ¬Ã‚ ed. ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY Over 400 hotels in 17 countries have obtained ISO 14001 Environmental Certi ¬Ã‚ cation. Since its creation in 1974, ibis has expanded continuously and has a network of 957 hotels, 117,171 rooms in 55 countries***. This strong global positioning is the result of an ambitious expansion plan launched in 2007. http://www.accor.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Contenus_Accor/Franchise_Management/Documents_utiles/Developpement/ibis_megabrand_developpement_brochure_022012.pdf http://www.accor.com/en/brands/brand-portfolio/ibis.html Branding An ultimate comfort offer the ibis room: modern, comfortable and well-equipped in every hotel of the network, the ibis room is designed to offer to its guests a happy sleep and the possibility to work calmly: soundproof, connected to the hotel Wi-Fi, with a flat screen LCD TV, a spacious bathroom and a desk. Brand new bed, brand new comfort Ibis, the good-nights-sleep specialist, has developed an innovative and revolutionary bedding concept. Pillows are fluffy, the duvet is super-soft and the high-tech mattress aligns with the density points which provide your body, so your sleep will be deep and refreshing. And the ibis secret weapon is a 7cm topper of extra comfort for a soft and welcoming feel. Unique in the economy hotel segment, the new ibis bed will transform your nights. Recommendation Ibis hotel must focus more on business segment and individual travelled, must change they are design room, also enlarge the lobby space. Conclusion The success in the tourism sector is not within the reach of everyone, the trade of the hotel industry and catering require certain qualities very Particular. First of all, and contrary to what we tend to believe that carriers are not easy, they are certainly travel, leisure, pleasure, but the majority of jobs are sedentary serious or stressful.

The Nature of Loyalty Essays -- English Literature Essays

The Nature of Loyalty In the play King Lear, Shakespeare presents the reader with many negative views of society, and of human nature. One of the few bright spots in the play is Kent, a very loyal and honest man. Through Kent and his actions, Shakespeare shows the reader the nature of true loyalty. Kent's nature is evident from the very first time he talks to Lear. Lear has begun to detail his disappointment in Cordelia, and announce that he will not be providing her with a dowry. Kent interrupts Lear's speech with a cry of "Good my liege" (Shakespeare 17). This is a very risky move on the part of Kent, as he knows that Lear may not be in a rational state of mind, and may take any disagreeing with him as a challenge. Through this, Shakespeare shows the reader that a truly loyal character will not fear the consequences his actions. Shakespeare reinforces this point later on in the play when Kent disguises himself to aid Lear, even though he is aware that if he is found the penalty is to be death. Kent expresses the extent of his loyalty when he conveys the thought "Royal Lear, Whom I have ever honoured as my king, Loved as my father, as my master followed, As my great patron thought on in my prayers"(Shakespeare 17). With this statement we see the type of dedication that is required to someone for true loyalty. Kent is loyal to Lear not only as a king, but as a father and a master. Kent is quite willing to acknowledge that he is less than Lear. Through this speech t...

How can Gatsby be called Great Essay -- F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gats

The title of F Scott Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ can be seen as incredibly ironic: not only can the ‘greatness’ of the eponymous character be vehemently contested, he is not even named ‘Gatsby’. In fact, he is a criminal, James Gatz, who, although he appears to be an epitome of the idealistic American Dream, having grown from an impoverished childhood into a life of excess and splendour, he has obtained everything through crime and corruption. Indeed, it has been said that ‘The Great Gatsby’ is â€Å"a parable of disenchantment with the ‘American Dream’† , and it is, for the American Dream is the idea that â€Å"through hard work, courage and determination, one could achieve prosperity.† James Gatz did not obtain his prosperous lifestyle through â€Å"hard work†, but rather through felony. Of course, it may seem that he ‘worked hard’ for it, and there is no disputing hi s determination and perhaps even his courage, but the â€Å"hard work† on which the American Dream is based is not the work of criminals. Of course, we cannot deny that Gatsby has achieved a great deal in his lifetime, all, apparently, in the name of love. Indeed the narrator of the story, Nick Carraway, describes Gatsby as having â€Å"an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person†, and this forms the basis of his opening argument for the greatness of Gatsby. We must, however, examine the reliability of the narrator. Nick says himself that he is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgement†, but then quickly goes on to say how â€Å"it has a limit†, that he cannot reserve judgement on everyone, and also that Gatsby was â€Å"exempt from my reaction†, following this with how Gatsby â€Å"represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn†,... ...l of Daisy, either. After all, Nick himself says that â€Å"Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply†, and one can assume that this would also be true for Daisy: Wilson would not have shot Daisy as he does Gatsby: it would appear that his â€Å"romantic readiness† was eventually the cause of his murder. The fact that he was killed by Wilson is deeply ironic: the underdog, the only poor character we see in the novel, running a â€Å"bare†, â€Å"whitewashed† garage under the god-like eyes of â€Å"Doctor T. J Eckleburg†, kills the prosperous, rich, idealistic hero, showing not only the â€Å"disenchantment of the ‘American Dream’†, but also that there really is no place for Jay Gatsbys in the world: the qualities which Nick perceives as â€Å"great† slowly pave the way for his defeat. Was Gatsby â€Å"great†? No, he was simply naively idealistic in a society completely deficient in morality. How can Gatsby be called Great Essay -- F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gats The title of F Scott Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ can be seen as incredibly ironic: not only can the ‘greatness’ of the eponymous character be vehemently contested, he is not even named ‘Gatsby’. In fact, he is a criminal, James Gatz, who, although he appears to be an epitome of the idealistic American Dream, having grown from an impoverished childhood into a life of excess and splendour, he has obtained everything through crime and corruption. Indeed, it has been said that ‘The Great Gatsby’ is â€Å"a parable of disenchantment with the ‘American Dream’† , and it is, for the American Dream is the idea that â€Å"through hard work, courage and determination, one could achieve prosperity.† James Gatz did not obtain his prosperous lifestyle through â€Å"hard work†, but rather through felony. Of course, it may seem that he ‘worked hard’ for it, and there is no disputing hi s determination and perhaps even his courage, but the â€Å"hard work† on which the American Dream is based is not the work of criminals. Of course, we cannot deny that Gatsby has achieved a great deal in his lifetime, all, apparently, in the name of love. Indeed the narrator of the story, Nick Carraway, describes Gatsby as having â€Å"an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person†, and this forms the basis of his opening argument for the greatness of Gatsby. We must, however, examine the reliability of the narrator. Nick says himself that he is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgement†, but then quickly goes on to say how â€Å"it has a limit†, that he cannot reserve judgement on everyone, and also that Gatsby was â€Å"exempt from my reaction†, following this with how Gatsby â€Å"represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn†,... ...l of Daisy, either. After all, Nick himself says that â€Å"Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply†, and one can assume that this would also be true for Daisy: Wilson would not have shot Daisy as he does Gatsby: it would appear that his â€Å"romantic readiness† was eventually the cause of his murder. The fact that he was killed by Wilson is deeply ironic: the underdog, the only poor character we see in the novel, running a â€Å"bare†, â€Å"whitewashed† garage under the god-like eyes of â€Å"Doctor T. J Eckleburg†, kills the prosperous, rich, idealistic hero, showing not only the â€Å"disenchantment of the ‘American Dream’†, but also that there really is no place for Jay Gatsbys in the world: the qualities which Nick perceives as â€Å"great† slowly pave the way for his defeat. Was Gatsby â€Å"great†? No, he was simply naively idealistic in a society completely deficient in morality.

Six Dimensions of Health

Associate Level Material Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet Part 1 For each of the following six dimensions of health, list at least one characteristic, activity, belief, or attitude that reflects that dimension in your life. Provide a brief explanation with each example. Refer to Ch. 1 in the text for explanations of these dimensions. Physical health: When I am eating right exercising and getting enough rest I am less prone to illness, stress and exhaustion. When I have done these things in my life I find that I function on a daily basis a lot better.With exercise and a healthy diet you release happy endorphins which minimize stress and allow me to focus and complete task effectively. Social health: Social health reminds me of what we learned about social and academic writing, I have found they have a lot of similarities. The ones that I have noticed is that you need to be able to maintain a certain level of professionalism when interacting with certain people. , work staff and clie nts. There are certain conversations and behaviors that are not acceptable with everyone.My personal relationships with my friends and family allow me to vent about the work place or to seek personal advice that I could not get ask for in my work environment. Intellectual health: it allows me to review what has happened in the past and make a reasonable assumption of what will happen in the future. For instance, I have found that when I hire people that are in the business for 20 years they are not interested in following most likely not to follow the structure of the company; as if you hire a new person fresh they do not have any other experience.So there for I like to hire new people out of school because they can be molded to the SportClips way. Environmental health: Keeping a clean environment and not doing things that are detrimental to the environment. I do my part by doing things such as not using harsh chemicals in my daily life and recycling. Maintaining a health work envir onment for the people in interact with on a daily basis. Emotional health: To me this refers to my job and my daily life, at times I am extremely overwhelmed and I have to remember not to displace my frustrations or emotions in the wrong place.A lot of times when I get overwhelmed I get very irritable and and become discourages depending on the situation. Spiritual health: I think this is a combination of things that are backed by your faith system and religious beliefs. I was raised in a christian household and I think that these things have taught me to follow a certain value system. Your faith system should teach you to be a better person and live by a certain moral code on how you treat yourself and others. Part 2 In approximately 125 to 200 words, describe health and wellness in your own words using the ideas and concepts for each of the six dimensions of health.In my opinion health and wellness means to take care of yourself and each of these plays a major part in that. Physic al health has to do with your body, ability to fight off disease. Social has to do with your ability to successfully maintain appropriate relationships. Intellectual refers to critical thinking and your ability to analyze certain situations. Emotional has to do with how you properly express emotions. Environmental has to do with your respect for the environment around you and helping to protect it. Spirituality has to do with your values system based on your religious beliefs.

Financial Analysis of Axis Bank

CORPORATE FINANCE END TERM PROJECT To study the Financials of ICICI bank, HDFC bank and Axis bank and to conduct Comparative Financial Analysis among them. UNDER THE GUIDANCE: Dr. ASHISH GARG PROGRAM COORDINATOR PGDM (FINANCE) Submitted by:Janmey Patel (202) Nikhil Arora (206) Shashank Mohore (228) Aniket Gupta (229) Parandeep Singh Chawla (231) TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview of Indian Banking Industry4 Types of Commercial Bank4 Public Sector Bank4 Private Sector Bank4 Foreign Bank4 Regional Rural Banks4 Overview of ICICI Bank 5Overview of Axis Bank 5 Overview of HDFC Bank 5 Stock Analysis6 Return & Risk Analysis7 Calculations:7 Terms:7 Risk7 Return7 Risk & Returns Figures8 Covariance & Correlations8 Terms8 Correlation Effect8 Covariance & Correlation Figures8 Portfolio Variance & Standard Deviation9 Portfolio Return Figures9 Portfolio Risk Figures9 Cost of Capital10 Cost of Debt10 Cost of Equity10 Cost of Debt & Equity Figures10 Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculations11Comparat ive Analysis11 Leverages11 Leverage Figures12 Graphical Representation for Leverages12 P/E Ratio Analysis13 P/E Ratio Figures13 Dividend Policy Analysis13 Dividend Yield and Dividend Payout Ratio14 Conclusions and Inference14 Return14 Risk15 Choice based upon Risk and Return15 Cost of Capital16 Choice Based on Cost of Capital16 PE Ratio Analysis17 Leverage17 Dividend Policy18 Overview of Indian Banking Industry Types of Commercial Bank Public Sector Bank In case of Public Sector banks the major shareholders is Government of India.For example State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India etc. Private Sector Bank In case of Private Sector Banks the major Shareholders are Private Individuals. For example ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, HDFC Bank etc. Foreign Bank In case of Foreign Bank the major Shareholders are the foreign entities. For example Standard Chartered Bank, Citi Bank, HSBC etc. Regional Rural Banks In case of Regional Banks the major shareholders are Central Government, Concerned State Government and Sponsor Bank in the ratio of 50:15:35.For example Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas Bank etc. Overview of ICICI Bank ICICI (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. ICICI bank is the 2nd largest bank in India by assets and 3rd largest by  market capitalization.Overview of Axis Bank Axis Bank was begun its operations in 1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established. The Bank was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) and other four PSU insurance companies, i. e. National Insur ance Company Ltd. , The New India Assurance Company Ltd. , The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. nd United India Insurance Company Ltd. Overview of HDFC Bank HDFC (Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited) bank was amongst the first to receive an approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to set up a bank in the private sector, as part of the RBI's liberalization of the Indian Banking Industry in 1994. HDFC Bank is the fifth largest bank in India by assets and the second largest bank by  market capitalization  as of march 31, 2012. Stock AnalysisBankex (Index tracking the performance of leading banking sector stocks) has grown at a compounded annual rate of about 31%. India’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth will make the Indian banking industry the third largest in the world by 2025. In coming years with its assets size poised to touch USD 28,500 billion by the turn of the 2025 from the current asset size of USD 1,350 billion. Return ; Risk Analysis Calculati ons: 1) The daily stock prices for the 3 banks for the duration of 5 years are taken from Nifty. 2) For the daily stock prices of the market we took the figures for 5 years of Nifty Bank. ) Formula for Daily Return Current Stock Price-Previous Stock PricePrevious Stock Prices 4) Average Daily Return is calculated by taking the average of Daily Returns. 5) Formula for Annualized Daily Return (1+Average Daily Return)249 – 1 6) Formula for Beta Covariance(Market, XYZ Bank)Standard DeviationMarket*Standard Deviation(XYZ Bank) 7) Formula for Annualized Standard Deviation (1+Variance(XYZ))249 – 1 8) Formula for Correlation Covariance(X, Y)Standard DeviationX*Standard Deviation(Y) Terms: Risk 1) Risk is the chance that an  investment’s actual  return  will be  different  than expected. 2) Risk  is usually measured by calculating he  standard deviation  of the  historical returns  or  average returns  of a specific investment. 3) A high standard deviations indicates a high degree of risk. Return 1. The gain or loss  of a security in a particular period. 2. The return consists of the  income  and the  capital gains relative  on an  investment. 3. It is usually quoted as a percentage. Risk ; Returns Figures Particulars| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| Average Daily Return | 0. 001| 0. 001| 0. 00031| Standard Deviation | 0. 034| 0. 032| 0. 03393| Covariance (Nifty Bank, X)| 0. 001| 0. 001| 0. 00048| Standard Deviation (Nifty Bank)| 0. 025| 0. 025| 0. 02454| Beta | 1. 53| 1. 077| 0. 80000| Annualised Daily Return | 0. 159| 0. 331| 0. 08| Annualised Standard Deviation | 0. 580| 0. 545| 0. 58| Annualised Standard Deviation (Nifty Bank)| 0. 402| 0. 402| 0. 40| Covariance ; Correlations Terms Correlation Effect 1. Relationship depends on correlation coefficient 2. -1. 0 ; r ; +1. 0 3. The smaller the correlation, the greater the risk reduction potential 4. If r = +1. 0, no risk reduction is possible Covariance ; Corre lation Figures Covariance| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| ICICI Bank| 1. 00000| 0. 00081| 0. 00058| Axis Bank| 0. 00081| 1. 00000| 0. 00052| HDFC Bank| 0. 00058| 0. 0052| 1. 00000| Correlation| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| ICICI Bank| NA| 0. 00255| 0. 00174| Axis Bank| 0. 00255| NA| 0. 00167| HDFC Bank| 0. 00174| 0. 00167| NA| Portfolio Variance ; Standard Deviation Portfolio Return Figures Equal Weight Portfolio Return| Particulars| Return | Weight | Portfolio Return| ICICI | 16| 0. 33| 5. 333| HDFC | 8| 0. 33| 2. 667| AXIS | 33. 07| 0. 33| 11. 023| Total | 19. 023| Portfolio Risk Figures RISK (%) | ICICI | 0. 58| HDFC | 0. 58| AXIS | 0. 55| Portfolio | 0. 3278| Cost of Capital It is the minimum rate of return the suppliers of capital would expect to receive if the capital were invested.Cost of Debt Cost of debt is calculated using the formula: cost of debt kd=interest X (1-t)debt 1) Interest is the amount paid by the company as a interest on the Debt in the current year. I t is taken from the Profit ; Loss statement of the company. 2) Debt is long term debt which we have taken from the Balance Sheet of the Company. 3) The tax rate t is the corporate tax rate and is equal to the 33. 9%. Cost of Equity The Cost of Equity in this case has been calculated with the help of Gordan Dividend Model. Cost of Equity ke=Proposed DividendMarket Price per Share*Number Of Shares+Dividend Growth Rate Cost of Debt ; Equity FiguresParticulars| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| Interest (Interest Expenses)| Rs. 8,50,44,350. 00| Rs. 1,79,32,646. 00| Rs. 2,29,99,060. 00| Total Debt| Rs. 1,40,16,49,073. 00| Rs. 34,07,16,721. 00| Rs. 23,84,65,086. 00| Corporate Tax Rate| 30. 00%| 30. 00%| 30. 00%| Cost of Debt (kd)| 4. 25%| 3. 68%| 6. 75%| Equity Capital| Rs. 1,15,27,683. 00| Rs. 41,32,039. 00| Rs. 46,93,377. 00| Proposed Equity Share Dividend| Rs. 1,90,20,400. 00| Rs. 77,00,725. 00| Rs. 1,17,27,733. 00| Number of Shares| 13565154| 41,32,03,952| 23,36,704| Dividend Growth R ate (g)| 17. 95%| 14. 87%| 30. 06%| Cost of Equity (ke)| 18. 11%| 14. 87%| 31. 02%|Weighted Average Cost of Capital Calculations Comparative Analysis Leverages The leverage analysis consists of: 1) Operational Leverage defined by Degree of Operational Leverage. 2) Financial Leverage defined by Degree of Financial Leverage. 3) Total leverage defined by Degree of Combined Leverage. Operational Leverage (DOL) = % change in EBIT % change in Sales Financial Leverage (DFL) =% change in EPS% change in EBIT Total Leverage (DCL) = % change in EPS% change in Sales = DOL* DFL Leverage Figures Graphical Representation for Leverages P/E Ratio Analysis P/E ratio is calculated using the formula: P/E RATIO=Current market price of share EPSP/E Ratio Figures Dividend Policy Analysis Dividends paid by a firm are measured using one of two measures. 1) Dividend Yield: Which relates the dividend paid to the price of the stock. Dividend Yield=Annual Dividend per Share Market Value per Share 2) Dividend Pa yout Ratio: Relates dividend paid to the earning of the Firms. Dividend Payout Ratio=Dividend Distributed Total Earnings Dividend Yield and Dividend Payout Ratio Particulars| ICICI Bank| Axis Bank| HDFC Bank| Dividend Paid (000's)| Rs. 19,013,434| Rs. 6,697,611| Rs. 7,695,463| Number of shares| 13,565,154| 413,203,952| 2,336,704| Dividend per share| 1. 402| 0. 016| 3. 293|Intrinsic value per share| 890. 2| 1146. 2| 519. 85| Dividend Yield| 0. 157%| 0. 001%| 0. 634%| Earnings (000's)| Rs. 103,860,000| Rs. 74,308,700| Rs. 89,504,000| DP Ratio| 0. 183| 0. 090| 0. 086| Retention Ratio| 0. 817| 0. 910| 0. 914| Conclusions and Inference Return As one can see from the above chart , Axis Bank offers the highest returns per annum at 33% , followed up by ICICI and HDFC Bank at 16% and 8% respectively. It can be safely concluded that Axis Bank is the best option to invest in. Let us now have a look at the Risk analysis before we go any further. Risk The following chart depicts the Risk witness ed by each of the Banks.As one will notice, each of the three Banks i. e. ICICI , Axis and HDFC Bank belong to the same risk class. Risk of ICICI and HDFC Bank is equal at 58%, while that of Axis Bank is little lower at 54%. There is not much to choose between the Banks when it boils down to Risk. Choice based upon Risk and Return Based upon Risk and Return Assessment Axis Bank stands out to be a clear choice. On one hand it offers returns which are twice that of ICICI Bank and four times in comparison to HDFC Bank, on the other hand, its risk is marginally lower than that of the other two Banks, which makes AXIS Bank to be the standout choice.Cost of Capital The Cost of Capital of each Bank is depicted in the following chart: As one can see from the above chart The total cost of Capital for ICICI Bank averages out to be 8. 42%, Whereas Axis Bank has a WACC of 8. 15 % and HDFC bank has its cost of capital in excess of 20%. HDFC Bank needs to substitute its Equity and reserves with m ore of Debt, if it wants to lower down its WACC. Cost of Capital for HDFC Bank is high primarily owing to its huge Cost of Equity which is more than 30%. It needs to substitute more of debt in its Capital Structure if it wants to reduce its hurdle rate.Choice Based on Cost of Capital If one is viewing the affairs og the company based on the Cost of Capital, HDFC gets eliminated without any second thought. It needs to bring down its Cost of Capital if it wants to sustain in the long run. While on the other hand there is not much to choose between ICICI and Axis Bank , as both of them have almost the same hurdle rate close to 8%. PE Ratio Analysis The PE Ratio of ICICI and Axis Bank is very much comparable. ICICI Bank has a PE ratio of around 15 , whereas, the same for Axis Bank Hovers around at 11.One can easily draw a conclusion that investors are willing to pay more for ICICI Bank and also expect a higher growth rate in its earnings in the future. Following Chart depicts the compar ative analysis of ICICI Bank along with HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank. It can be clearly seen that the PE ratio of ICICI Bank and Axis Bank are Comparable. But, the PE Ratio of HDFC exceeds 120. One can safely draw a conclusion that the Market Price of HDFC Bank is highly overpriced compared with the Industry average and one can expect a downfall in its share prices in the near future, because such high level of PE Ratio cannot be sustained in the long run.Leverage The Position of Leverages for each of the Banks depict the same story. Following chart will substantiate it: Each of the Banks has a operating leverage lower than 1 , which implies that EBIT is not increasing in the same proportion as the sales of these Banks. Even the degree of financial leverage and the degree of combined leverage of each of these three Banks is comparable and there is not much to choose from when it comes to leverages. Dividend Policy When it comes to total dividend Paid by the Bank, ICICI Bank exceeds the two other Banks with quite a margin.The following Chart depicts the situation more comprehensively: As one can see from the Chart ICICI Bank is the clear leader when it comes to the amount of dividend paid, while there is not much to choose between Axis Bank and HDFC Bank. Total Amount of Dividend Paid doesn’t show the true picture as , it has not been adjusted for number of shares. In other words , Dividend per share will show the appropriate picture. Following chart will depict the amount of dividend paid by each bank per share.As one can see clearly from the graph above , it is the HDFC Bank which is more liberal while declaring the dividend vis-a-vis ICICI and Axis Bank. HDFC pays dividend in excess of Rs 3 per share. ICICI pays a dividend just exceeding a rupee on a share. While, Axis Bank doesn’t even pay 50 paisa on a share. From Investors point of view who wants a steady flow of Income, HDFC stands out to be the most logical choice of Investment. Such an Invest or should obviously resist and desist from investing any amount of money in AXIS Bank.

Thesis topic: Violence in the Movies

Studies have recognized a direct link showing the effects of movie violence exposure and the increase in violent crimes and behavior involving today's children. Positive evidence points to the fact that the high quantity of violence in movies and on television has harmful consequence on today's youth. Reiner (1999) states, â€Å"Of course we can point fingers at Hollywood† (p28); however, the responsibility lies with all of us. With the constant exposure to violent crimes on television and in movies, it is shown to make it more acceptable in the minds of our youth to act cruel or violent toward others in various ways. Hollywood is responsible for too much violence in movies and there is a need for creative executives to take responsibility for what they produce. It is everyone's responsibility to address this issue (Reiner, 1999). The mind set seems to be that the T. V. bad person did it and got away with it, I can too. Over time, it becomes less of an issue, no big deal. What or who is hurt or damaged does not matter any longer. With the inability to differentiate between real and pretend, good and bad, right and wrong the inappropriate behaviors, crudeness, obscenity, physical violence, law breaking, anger, and hatred to name a few increase significantly. According to Harbert (1993), his three-year-old daughter Emily â€Å"totally changed the way I look at television. † What our children see on television does affect them (Allen, 2004). With this increase, the seriousness of offences amplifies to further deteriorate the behavior of our youth. Conclusion: Close consideration must be paid to decreasing violence on television for the long-term benefit of our children. The negative effects of the continued exposure to violent movies and television shows are proven to have a permanent effect on how conflicts are resolved. Quotation and Paraphrase from Article 1 Direct Quotation: Reiner (1999) states, â€Å"Of course we can point fingers at Hollywood. † Paraphrase of above quotation: Hollywood is responsible for too much violence in movies and there is a need for creative executives to take responsibility for what they produce. It is everyone's responsibility to address this issue (Reiner,1999). Quotation and Paraphrase from Article 2 Direct Quotation: According to Harbert (1993), his three-year-old daughter Emily â€Å"totally changed the way I look at television. † Paraphrase of above quotation: What our children see on television does affect them (Allen, 2004).